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CONTENTS
Volume 1, Number 4, December 2014
 


Abstract
The in vitro construction of osteo-articular large implants combining biomaterials and cells is of great interest since these tissues have limited regeneration capability. But the development of such organoids is particularly challenging, especially in the later time of the culture, when the extracellular matrix has almost filled the initial porous network. The fluid flow needed to efficiently perfuse the sample can then not be achieved using only the hydraulic driving force. In this paper, we investigate the interest of using an electric field to promote mass transport through the scaffold at the late stage of the culture. Based on the resolution of the electrokinetics equations, this study provides an estimation of the necessary electric driving force to reach a sufficient oxygen perfusion through the sample, thus analyzing the feasibility of this concept. The possible consequences of such electric fields on cellular activities are then discussed.

Key Words
osteo-articular biomechanics; porous media; mass transport; electro-filtration; tissue engineering; bioreactor

Address
Sarah Lemonnier, Salah Naili, Thibault Lemaire: Laboratoire Modelisation et Simulation Multi Echelle, MSME UMR 8208 CNRS, Universite Paris Est, 61 avenue du General de Gaulle 94010 Creteil, France

Abstract
This study aimed to assess the biomechanical performance of a new generation of artificial ligament, which can be considered

Key Words
ACL reconstruction; biomechanics; in vivo integration; in vitro experiments

Address
Sandra Guerard, Mathieu Manassero, Veronique Viateau, Veronique Migonney, Wafa Skalli, David Mitton: Institut de Biomecanique Humaine George Charpak, Arts et Metiers ParisTech, 151 bd de l

Abstract
The human head is identified as the body region most frequently involved in life-threatening injuries. Extensive research based on experimental, analytical and numerical methods has sought to quantify the response of the human head to blunt impact in an attempt to explain the likely injury process. Blunt head impact arising from vehicular collisions, sporting injuries, and falls leads to relative motion between the brain and skull and an increase in contact and shear stresses in the meningeal region, thereby leading to traumatic brain injuries. In this paper the properties and material modeling of the subarachnoid space (SAS) as it relates to Traumatic Brain Injuries (TBI) is investigated. This was accomplished using a simplified local model and a validated 3D finite element model. First the material modeling of the trabeculae in the Subarachnoid Space (SAS) was investigated and validated, then the validated material property was used in a 3D head model. In addition, the strain in the brain due to an impact was investigated. From this work it was determined that the material property of the SAS is approximately E = 1150 Pa and that the strain in the brain, and thus the severity of TBI, is proportional to the applied impact velocity and is approximately a quadratic function. This study reveals that the choice of material behavior and properties of the SAS are significant factors in determining the strain in the brain and therefore the understanding of different types of head/brain injuries.

Key Words
brain; subarachnoid space properties; material modeling; impact; TBI

Address
Parisa Saboori: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Manhattan College, Manhattan College Parkway, Riverdale, New York, USA

Ali Sadegh: Department of Mechanical Engineering, The City College of the City University of New York, 160 Convent Ave, New York, USA

Abstract
In skin-marker based motion analysis, knee translation measurement is highly dependent on a pre-selected reference point (functional center) on each segment determined by the location of anatomical landmarks. However, the placement of skin markers on palpable anatomical landmarks (i.e., femoral epicondyles) has limited reproducibility. Thus, it produces large variances in knee translation measurement among different subjects, as well as across studies. In order improve the repeatability of knee translation measurement, in this study an optimization method was introduced, by which the femoral functional center was numerically determined. At that point the knee anteroposterior translation during the stance phase of walking was minimized. This new method was tested on 30 healthy subjects during walking in gait lab with motion capture system. Using this new method, the impact of skin marker position (at anatomical landmarks) on the knee translation measurement has been minimized. In addition, the ranges of anteroposterior knee translations during stance phase were significantly (p<0.001) smaller than those measured by conventional method which relies on a pre-selected functional center (11.1

Key Words
numerical method; body landmark; anterior tibial translation; motion analysis; skin marker

Address
Hongsheng Wang, Nigel Zheng: Center for Biomedical Engineering and Science

Nigel Zheng: Department of Mechanical Engineering and Engineering Science, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, 9201 University City Blvd, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA

Abstract
This paper presents some simulations of fluxes and pressures in the coronary network, in the case of very severe coronary disease (several stenoses on the left branches and total occlusion of the right coronary artery). In that case, coronary artery bypass graft surgery is the commonly performed procedure. However, the success of the intervention depends on many factors. Modeling of the coronary circulation is thus important since it can help to understand the influence of all these factors on the coronary haemodynamics. We previously developed an analog electrical model that includes the eventual presence of collateral flows, and can describe the different revascularization strategies (two grafts, three grafts,

Key Words
coronary three vessel disease; lumped parameter model; revascularization; flow profiles

Address
Majid Harmouche, Amedeo Anselmi, Herve Corbineau, Jean-Philippe Verhoye: Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Rennes University Hospital PontChaillou, Rennes, France

Majid Harmouche, Amedeo Anselmi, Herve Corbineau, Jean-Philippe Verhoye: Research Unit Inserm UMR 1099, LTSI, University Rennes1, Rennes, France

Mahmoud Maasrani: Faculty of Sciences, Lebanese University, Tripoli, Liban

Chiara Mariano: Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy

Agnes Drochon: University of Technology of Compiegne, UMR CNRS 7338, Compiegne, France


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