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CONTENTS
Volume 40, Number 2, January25 2025
 

Abstract
The shear horizontal (SH) waves in a rotating system comprising an initially stressed magneto-electro-elastic substrate were studied analytically. The upper boundary of substrate is taken as corrugated and stress free. With respect to electrically and magnetically upper boundary considered as two cases electrically and magnetically open and electrically and magnetically short. Dispersion equations have been obtained for electrically open and magnetically open and also electrically and magnetically short situations with corrugated interface. Based on the numerical results, the properties of SH waves through the proposed framework and the conditions depending on various physical and geometrical parameters have been examined. The study examines the simultaneous simulated results of several physical parameters, including rotation, inhomogeneity, phase velocity, initial stress, and corrugated SH wave interface distribution in the structure under consideration, which were created using Mathematica 7. The examined model could be helpful for the development of surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices.

Key Words
corrugation; inhomogeneity; initial stress; magneto-electro-elastic material; phase velocity; rotation; wave number

Address
K. Hemalatha, S. Kumar and A. Akshaya: Department of Mathematics, College of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology,
Kattankulathur-603203, India

Abstract
Irregular rock blocks with diverse macro-structures characteristics are very common in practical soil-rock slope engineering. The aim of this paper is to investigate the stability of soil-rock slope using strength reduction limit analysis method. More than 1400 2D stability analyses were performed on soil-rock slope models with different polygonal rock block shapes and with major axis inclination angles varying between 0 and 180. A stochastic generation method based on the function distribution was introduced to consider the spatial random distribution of rock blocks. For each kind of polygonal shape and major axis inclination, ten different rock blocks arrangements had been made. The results showed the major axis inclinations of irregular rock blocks have significantly impact on the slope stability. When the angle between the major axis and the slope surface is nearly maximum, the safety factor of soil-rock slope tends to be a maximum. In addition, two forms of shear zone divergence/ penetration development in soil-rock slopes have been summarized,namely detouring/ rounding or containing/holding rock blocks. Furthermore, smaller number of edges make it more frequent for rock blocks to undergo friction-slip during shear deformation, resulting in a higher safety factor.

Key Words
limit analysis; major axis inclination; polygonal shape; rock block; shear dissipation; soil-rock slope

Address
Chuan Wen and Shunqing Liu: School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China;
Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention of Hilly Mountains, Ministry of Natural Resources, Fuzhou 350002, China;
Fujian Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention, Fuzhou 350002, China
Guojun Cai: School of Civil Engineering, Anhui Jianzhu University, Hefei 230009, China
Zhichao Zhang: Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention of Hilly Mountains, Ministry of Natural Resources, Fuzhou 350002, China;
Fujian Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention, Fuzhou 350002, China
Haoqing Xu and Yuhe Sun: School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China

Abstract
The impact of inclined load on a nonlocal thermoelastic solid is discussed in this work. Based on the Lord-Shulman model, the fundamental equations for a nonlocal thermoelastic half-space medium are developed. Given as a linear function of the reference temperature is the modulus of elasticity. To address the problem and acquire the exact expressions of physical fields, appropriate non-dimensional variables and normal mode analysis are used. The anticipated outcomes for various gravity field values, the nonlocal parameter, the empirical material constant, and the inclined load are compared. Physical variables are affected by nonlocal thermoelasticity, the empirical material constants, and the inclined load.

Key Words
gravity field; inclined load; nonlocal parameter; temperature-dependent properties

Address
Samia M. Said: Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, P.O. Box 44519, Zagazig, Egypt

Abstract
The problem of mud pumping in saturated subgrade seriously affects the safe operation of trains on railways. There are relatively few research results on the characteristics of subgrade mud pumping, and those that do exist dispute the precise mechanism of the mud pumping. In this paper, a new test model is designed to study the important characteristics of subgrade mud pumping. The model can monitor not only the evolution of subgrade mud pumping but excess pore water pressure and dynamic stress in soil as well. In particular, we study the mud pumping of Lean Clay. Our results show that with the increase in the number of cycles, the axial strain of samples increases rapidly and then slowly. The axial strain increases with the increase in cyclic loading amplitude and decreases with the increase in loading frequency and initial dry density of Lean Clay. We also find that the excess pore water pressure first increases rapidly and then decreases slowly with the increase in the number of cycles. Furthermore, with the increase in cyclic loading amplitude, excess pore water pressure increases, and with the increase in the initial dry density, the excess pore water pressure decreases. We find that the loading frequency has little effect on excess pore water pressure. After the test procedure, we find that an increase in cyclic loading amplitude aggravates the degree of Lean Clay subgrade mud pumping and that an increase in loading frequency and increase in initial dry density of subgrade soil reduces the degree of mud pumping. We further find that the upward migration of fine particles driven by excess pore water pressure gradient is the main mechanism of subgrade mud pumping. However, the generation of an interlayer can also promote the occurrence of subgrade mud pumping.

Key Words
axial strain; cyclic loading; excess pore water pressure; fine particle migration; mud pumping

Address
Yu Jia: School of Civil Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
Yu Ding: School of Civil and Ocean Engineering, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222005, China;
Jiangsu Ocean Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Infrastructure Construction, Jiangsu Ocean University,
Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222005, China
Xuan Wang, Jiasheng Zhang and Xiaobin Chen: School of Civil Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China;
National Engineering Laboratory for High-speed Railway Construction, Central South University,
Changsha, Hunan 410083, China




Abstract
Soil in combination with cement, more commonly referred to as soilcrete, has gained great popularity within the construction sector. To this end, its mechanical properties have to be determined quickly and accurately. Unfortunately, the conventional methods for determining them include lab tests which are rather expensive and error prone. A better solution however comes in the form of machine learning (ML) algorithms which have tremendous potential. Hence, this study sought to analyze how efficient the three algorithms in predicting the uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) of soilcrete. 400 samples of soilcrete were manufactured and analyzed, using two types of soil including clay and limestone along with metakaolin which served as a mineral additive. A total of 80% of the dataset was made use of for training while the remaining 20% served a testing purpose, in addition to the 37 datasets which were specifically designed for evaluation purposes. A Stepwise procedure was completed and a total of 8 parameters were identified including metakaolin and soil type, super plasticizer content, water to binder ratio, shrinkage, binder density and finally ultrasonic velocity. Most of the algorithms were able to achieve satisfactory results however Gaussian process regression (GPR), support vector regression (SVR) and null-space SVR (NuSVR) were able to stand out due to their potential performance. Focusing on the trained models and lab tests that were done, this research managed to establish the proper superplasticizer constitution (1%), water-to-binder ratio (0.4) and metakaolin content (12%) with the goal of achieving the highest UCS value in the provided soilcrete specimens. Furthermore, a graphical user interface (GUI) was created based on the trained ML models. For the civil engineers and researchers who need to estimate the UCS of the soilcrete specimens, this GUI greatly simplifies the process.

Key Words
graphical user interface; laboratory test, machine learning; soilcrete; uniaxial compressive strength

Address
Ala'a R. Al-Shamasneh: Department of Computer Science, College of Computer & Information Sciences, Prince Sultan University,
Rafha Street, Riyadh 11586, Saudi Arabia
Arsalan Mahmoodzadeh: IRO, Civil Engineering Department, University of Halabja, Halabja, 46018, Iraq
Nejib Ghazouani: Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Northern Border University, Arar 73222, Saudi Arabia
Mohamed Hechmi El Oun: Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, PO Box 394,
Abha 61411, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia;
Center for Engineering and Technology Innovations, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia

Abstract
Excavation in underground construction causes changes in the stress of the ground which causes motion in the surrounding regions particularly the tunnel's ceiling and walls. It is imperative to perform a stability analysis for the mineral and tunneling industries during the excavation process, and the modern methods of tunneling rest on the ground reaction curve (GRC). While GRC is a good tool to visualize these displacements, there exist gaps between the analytical and numerical outcomes as analytical solutions do not extend beyond isotropic circumstances for tunnels that are deep. As a result, there is an increased demand for an equation which focuses on the numerical methods. This paper seeks to address this pressing question by looking into GSI=75 where K=0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2. GRC was used alongside numerical and analytical methods to see the ratio of maximum displacement on point. The purpose of the evaluation was to determine the boundaries of the analytical technique and its effectiveness; conditions that aren't suitable for use of the analytical method were also evaluated. FLAC2D was used for the numerical methods and Duncan-Fama' method was employed for the analytical approaches. The gap in tunnel wall displacement estimates between the analytical and numerical methods was acceptable under isotropic stress conditions. However, large discrepancies were revealed between the methods under anisotropic stress, and wall displacement results of the tunnel weren't overly influenced by the excavation depth. In particular, numerical and analytical displacement estimates for the tunnel crown diverged in shallow models. This was because previously, wall displacements were less affected than crown displacements by excavation depths. Finally, equations were presented for the tunnel ceiling and walls in elastic shapes, which compared favorably with numerical data as opposed to the method of analysis. The presented equations are said to be new especially due to their treatment of issues associated with non-isotropic stress analytical solutions but only for tunnels which are situated at shallow depths and that covers only the tunnel centroid. The equations render better performance in terms of alignment with numerical outcomes that is achieved over a wide range of stress ratios and depths as compared to the current methods in use; this increases the effectiveness of segments in real tunneling conditions.

Key Words
displacement; ground reaction curve; numerical method; underground space

Address
Jian Zhang: Qingdao Institute of Marine Geology, China Geological Survey, Qingdao, China
Ahmed Babeker Elhag: 2Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineerin, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia;
Center for Engineering and Technology Innovations, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
Abdelkader Mabrouk: Civil Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Northern Border University, Arar 73222, Saudi Arabia

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