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CONTENTS
Volume 15, Number 2, August 2023
 

Abstract
Development of thin carbon nanotubes (CNTs) nanoliquid film over the rough surface of a horizontal rotating disk is investigated by considering symmetric roughness either along the azimuthal or radial directions. The disk surface is either heated or cooled axisymmetrically from below. The effects of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) are analyzed on the film thinning process with different types of base liquids. Closed form solutions for velocity and temperature field are obtained for small values of Reynolds number whereas the numerical solution is derived for moderate values of Reynolds number. It is found that fluid retention / depletion takes place when the roughness is symmetric along the azimuthal / radial directions. It is also seen that the film thinning rate enhances for MWCNTs compare to SWCNTs. Further it is found that two different heat transfer regions exits within the flow domain depending on the fact that heat is transferred from disk to liquid film and vice-versa.

Key Words
carbon nanotubes (CNTs); nanoliquid; rotating disk; thermocapillary flow; thin film

Address
Swatilekha Nag: Department of Mathematics, Pandit Deendayal Upadhyaya Adarsha Mahavidyalaya, Behali, Assam-784184, India

Susanta Maity: Department of Basic and Applied Science, National Institute of Technology Arunachal Pradesh, Jote, Papum Pare-791113, India

Sanjeev K. Metya: Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, National Institute of Technology Arunachal Pradesh, Jote, Papum Pare-791113, India


Abstract
Integrin αvβ3 is one of the receptors expressed in cancer cells. RGD peptides have the potential to target integrin αvβ3 (receptor), which can increase drug delivery efficiency. In this study, 55 different RGD dimer motifs were investigated. At first, the binding energy between RGD peptides and the receptor was calculated using molecular docking. Then, three RGD peptides with the strongest binding energy with the receptor were selected, and their dynamic adsorption on the receptor was simulated by molecular dynamics (MD). The obtained results showed that a sequence that has RGD at the beginning and end with tryptophan (TRP) has strong Lennard-Jones (LJ) and electrostatic interactions with Integrin αvβ3 and has changed the conformation of receptor significantly, which analyzed by root mean square deviation (RMSD) and radius of gyration.

Key Words
integrin αvβ3 receptor; molecular dynamics (MD) simulation; RGD peptide; RMSD; targeting

Address
Azadeh Kordzadeh: Chemical and Petroleum Engineering Department, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran

Hassan Bardania: Clinical Research Development Unit, Imamsajad Hospital, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran/ Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran

Esmaeil Behmard: Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran

Amin Hadi: Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran

Abstract
The advancement of theoretical research has numerous challenges, particularly with regard to the modeling of structures, in contrast to experimental investigation of the mechanical behavior of complex systems. The main objective of this investigation is to provide an analytical analysis of the static problem of a new generation of composite structure, namely, functionally graded FG graphene reinforced composite GRC coated plates/shells. A complex power law function is used to define the material's graduation. Investigations are conducted on Hardcore and Softcore coated FG plates/shells. The virtual work approach is used to perform the equilibrium equations, which are then solved using the Galerkin technique to account for various boundary conditions. With reliable published articles, the presented solution is validated. The effects of hardcore and softcore distributions, gradation indexes, and boundary conditions on the buckling, bending deflection and stresses of FG GRC-coated shells are presented in detail. Obtained results and the developed procedure are supportive for design and manufacturing of FG-GRC coated plates/shells in several fields and industries e.g., aerospace, automotive, marine, and biomedical implants.

Key Words
buckling; deflection; FGM; Galerkin technique; graphene reinforced composite; stresses

Address
Ahmed Amine Daikh: Department of Technology, University Centre of Naama, 45000, Algeria/ Laboratoire d'Etude des Structures et de Mécanique des Matériaux, Département de Génie Civil, Faculté des Sciences et de la Technologie, Université Mustapha Stambouli, Mascara, Algerie

Amin Hamdi and Hani M. Ahmed: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

Mohamed S. Abdelwahed: Mechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80204, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

Alaa A. Abdelrahman: Mechanical Design & Production Department, Faculty of Engineering, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt

Mohamed A. Eltaher: Mechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80204, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia/ Mechanical Design & Production Department, Faculty of Engineering, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt

Abstract
Emerge of nanotechnology has affected many aspects of our life and also triggers research studies in many fields. Nano-medicine are proven to be effective in encountering diseases. In the present study, aspects of the applications and effectiveness of nano-medicine in pediatrics patients are studied. In this regard, using experimental data of previous published researches, combination and dose of nano-medicines are optimized using response surface method and neural-fuzzy inference network. The input parameters of the selected multiple nano-medicines are dose and type and the output is the effectiveness of the combinations using IC50 parameter. A detailed parameter study is presented to observe effects of each inputs on the IC50. The results indicate that personalized scaling of nano-medicine is required in therapy of pediatric diseases such as cancers.

Key Words
artificial intelligence; cancer; nano-medicine; nanoparticles; pediatric patients

Address
Shaona Wang and Fan Yang: Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110022, Liaoning, China

Abstract
The main objective of this paper is to develop the finite element study on the nonlinear free vibration of functionally graded nanocomposite spherical shells reinforced with graphene platelets under the first-order shear deformation shell theory and von Kármán nonlinear kinematic relations. The governing equations are presented by introducing the full asymmetric nonlinear strain-displacement relations followed by the constitutive relations and energy functional. The extended Halpin-Tsai model is utilized to specify the overall Young's modulus of the nanocomposite. Then, the finite element formulation is derived and the quadrilateral 8-node shell element is implemented for finite element discretization. The nonlinear sets of dynamic equations are solved by the use of the harmonic balance technique and iterative method to find the nonlinear frequency response. Several numerical examples are represented to highlight the impact of involved factors on the large-amplitude vibration responses of nanocomposite spherical shells. One of the main findings is that for some geometrical and material parameters, the fundamental vibrational mode shape is asymmetric and the axisymmetric formulation cannot be appropriately employed to model the nonlinear dynamic behavior of nanocomposite spherical shells.

Key Words
functionally graded graphene platelet reinforced composite; nanocomposite spherical shell; nonlinear finite element analysis; nonlinear vibration; shear deformation shell theory

Address
Xiaojun Wu: Institute of Automobile Engineering, Chongqing Industry Polytechnic College, Chongqing 401120, Chongqing, China

Abstract
Exercise is beneficial to the body in some ways. It is vital for people who have heart problems to perform exercise according to their condition. This paper describes how an Android platform can provide early warnings of fatigue during wushu exercise using Photoplethysmography (PPG) signals. Using the data from a micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) gyroscope to detect heart rate, this study contributes an algorithm to determine a user's fatigue during wushu exercise. It sends vibration messages to the user's smartphone device when the heart rate exceeds the limit or is too fast during exercise. The heart rate monitoring system in the app records heart rate data in real-time while exercising. A simple pulse sensor and Android app can be used to monitor heart rate. This plug-in sensor measures heart rate based on photoplethysmography (PPG) signals during exercise. Pulse sensors can be easily inserted into the fingertip of the user. An embedded microcontroller detects the heart rate by connecting a pulse sensor transmitted via Bluetooth to the smartphone. In order to measure the impact of physical activity on heart rate, Wushu System tests are conducted using various factors, such as age, exercise speed, and duration. During testing, the Android app was found to detect heart rate with an accuracy of 95.3% and to warn the user when their heart rate rises to an abnormal level.

Key Words
heart rate monitoring; MEMS; photoplethysmography; PPG; Wushu exercise

Address
Shuo Guan: Wushu and dance department, Shenyang sport university, Shenyang 110102, Liaoning, China

Abstract
The study investigated the effect of geometric structures of nano-patterned surfaces, such as peak sharpness, height, width, aspect ratio, and spacing, on mechano-bactericidal properties. Here, in silico models were developed to explain surface interactions with Escherichia coli. Numerical solutions were performed based on the finite element method and verified by the artificial neural network method. An E. coli cell adhered to the nano surface formed elastic and creep deformation models, and the cells' maximum deformation, maximum stress, and maximum strain were calculated. The results determined that the increase in peak sharpness, aspect ratio, and spacing values increased the maximum deformation, maximum stress, and maximum strain on E. coli cell. In addition, the results showed that FEM and ANN methods were in good agreement with each other. This study proved that the geometrical structures of nano-patterned surfaces have an important role in the mechano-bactericidal effect.

Key Words
artificial neural network; finite element method; mechano-bactericidal; nano-patterned surface

Address
Ecren Uzun Yaylaci: Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, 53100, Rize, Turkey

Murat Yaylaci: Department of Civil Engineering, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, 53100, Rize, Turkey/ Biomedical Engineering MSc Program, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, 53100, Rize, Turkey

Mehmet Emin Özdemir: Department of Civil Engineering, Cankiri Karatekin University, 18100, Çankiri, Turkey

Merve Terzi: Department of Civil Engineering, Istanbul Rumeli University, 34570, Istanbul, Turkey

Şevval Öztürk: Department of Civil Engineering, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, 53100, Rize, Turkey

Abstract
The under-evaluation structure includes a functionally graded porous (FGP) core which is confined by two piezoelectric carbon nanotubes reinforced composite (CNTRC) layers. The whole structure rests on the Pasternak foundation. Using quasi-3D hyperbolic shear deformation theory, governing equations of a sandwich plate are driven. Moreover, face sheets are subjected to the electric field and the whole model is under thermal loading. The properties of all layers alter continuously along with thickness direction due to the CNTs and pores distributions. By conducting the current study, the results emerged in detail to assess the effects of different parameters on buckling of structure. As instance, it is revealed that highest and lowest critical buckling load and consequently stiffness, is due to the V-A and A-V CNTs dispersion type, respectively. Furthermore, it is revealed that by porosity coefficient enhancement, critical buckling load and consequently, stiffness reduces dramatically. Current paper results can be used in various high-tech industries as aerospace factories.

Key Words
buckling analysis; CNTs reinforced composite; piezoelectricity; quasi 3D hyperbolic shear deformation theory; sandwich plates

Address
Yujie Zhang, Zhihang Guo, Yimin Gong and Jianzhong Shi: School of Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430200, China

Mohamed Hechmi El Ouni: Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia

Farhan Alhosny: Mechanical Engineering Department, UAE University, UAE


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