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Smart Structures and Systems Volume 22, Number 2, August 2018 , pages 209-221 DOI: https://doi.org/10.12989/sss.2018.22.2.209 |
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Efflorescence assessment using hyperspectral imaging for concrete structures |
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Byunghyun Kim and Soojin Cho
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| Abstract | ||
| Efflorescence is a phenomenon primarily caused by a carbonation process in concrete structures. Efflorescence can cause concrete degradation in the long term; therefore, it must be accurately assessed by proper inspection. Currently, the assessment is performed on the basis of visual inspection or image-based inspection, which may result in the subjective assessment by the inspectors. In this paper, a novel approach is proposed for the objective and quantitative assessment of concrete efflorescence using hyperspectral imaging (HSI). HSI acquires the full electromagnetic spectrum of light reflected from a material, which enables the identification of materials in the image on the basis of spectrum. Spectral angle mapper (SAM) that calculates the similarity of a test spectrum in the hyperspectral image to a reference spectrum is used to assess efflorescence, and the reference spectral profiles of efflorescence are obtained from theUSGS spectral library. Field tests were carried out in a real building and a bridge. For each experiment, efflorescence assessed by the proposed approach was compared with that assessed by image-based approach mimicking conventional visual inspection. Performance measures such as accuracy, precision, and recall were calculated to check the performance of the proposed approach. Performance-related issues are discussed for further enhancement of the proposed approach. | ||
| Key Words | ||
| hyperspectral imaging; efflorescence; concrete; spectral angle mapper | ||
| Address | ||
| Byunghyun Kim and Soojin Cho: Department of Civil Engineering, University of Seoul,163 Seoulsiripdae-ro, Dondaemun-gu, Seoul 02504, Republic of Korea | ||