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Membrane Water Treatment Volume 9, Number 6, November 2018 , pages 405-419 DOI: https://doi.org/10.12989/mwt.2018.9.6.405 |
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Chemistry of persulfates for the oxidation of organic contaminants in water |
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Changha Lee, Hak-Hyeon Kim and Noh-Back Park
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| Abstract | ||
| Persulfates (i.e., peroxymonosulfate and peroxydisulfate) are capable of oxidizing a wide range of organic compounds via direct reactions, as well as by indirect reactions by the radical intermediates. In aqueous solution, persulfates undergo self-decomposition, which is accelerated by thermal, photochemical and metal-catalyzed methods, which usually involve the generation of various radical species. The chemistry of persulfates has been studied since the early twentieth century. However, its environmental application has recently gained attention, as persulfates show promise in in situ chemical oxidation (ISCO) for soil and groundwater remediation. Persulfates are known to have both reactivity and persistence in the subsurface, which can provide advantages over other oxidants inclined toward either of the two properties. Besides the ISCO applications, recent studies have shown that the persulfate oxidation also has the potential for wastewater treatment and disinfection. This article reviews the chemistry regarding the hydrolysis, photolysis and catalysis of persulfates and the reactions of persulfates with organic compounds in aqueous solution. This article is intended to provide insight into interpreting the behaviors of the contaminant oxidation by persulfates, as well as developing new persulfate-based oxidation technologies. | ||
| Key Words | ||
| persulfate; peroxymonosulfate; peroxydisulfate; in situ chemical oxidation (ISCO); soil and groundwater remediation; oxidation; sulfate radical | ||
| Address | ||
| Changha Lee: School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Process (ICP), Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea Hak-Hyeon Kim: School of Urban and Environmental Engineering, UNIST, 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea oh-Back Park: National Institute of Fisheries Science (NIFS), 216, Gijanghaean-ro, Gijang-eup, Busan 46083, Republic of Korea | ||
