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Membrane Water Treatment Volume 13, Number 5, September 2022 , pages 245-257 DOI: https://doi.org/10.12989/mwt.2022.13.5.245 |
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open access
Assessment and spatial variation of water quality using statistical techniques: Case study of Nakdong river, Korea |
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Shin Kim
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Abstract | ||
Water quality characteristics and their spatial variations in the Nakdong River were statistically analyzed by multivariate techniques including correlation analysis, CA, and FA/PCA based on water quality parameters for 17 sites over 2017–2019, yielding PI values for primary factors. Site 10 indicated the highest parameter concentrations, and results of pearson'Ss correlation analysis suggest that non-biodegradable organic matter had been distributed on the site. Five clusters were identified in order of descending pollution levels: I (Ib > Ia) > II (IIa > IIb) > III. Spatial variations started from sub-cluster Ib in which Daegu city and Geumho-river are joined. T-P, PO4-P, SS, COD, and TOC corresponded to VF 1 and 2, which were found to be principal components with strong influence on water quality. Sub-cluster Ib was strongly influenced by NO3-N and T-N compared to other clusters. According to the PIs, water quality pollution deteriorated due to non-biodegradable organic matter, nitrogen- and phosphorus-based nutrient salts in the middle and lower reaches, illustrating worsening water pollution due to inflows of anthropogenic sources on the Geumho-river, i.e., sewage and wastewater, discharged from Site 10, at which there is a concentration of urban, agricultural, and industrial areas. | ||
Key Words | ||
factor analysis/principal component analysis; correlation analysis; cluster analysis; Nakdong river; pollution index; water quality | ||
Address | ||
Shin Kim: Nakdong River Environment Research Center, National Institute of Environmental Research, 24-11, Gukgasandan-daero 52-gil, Guji-myeon, Dalseong-gun, Daegu, Republic of Korea | ||