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Advances in Concrete Construction Volume 19, Number 4, April 2025 , pages 223-235 DOI: https://doi.org/10.12989/acc.2025.19.4.223 |
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Optimization of graphene-enhanced geopolymer cement for oil well applications |
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Mohd Firdaus Habarudin, Nasir Shafiq, Afif Izwan Abd Hamid and Nurul Nazmin Zulkarnain
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| Abstract | ||
| Geopolymer cement is a viable and sustainable replacement for conventional Portland cement, drawing attention for its enhanced durability and reduced shrinkage when compared to API Class G cement, alongside its potential to reduce CO2 emissions. This research aims to develop fly ash-based geopolymer cement incorporating graphene oxide (GO) under high pressure high temperature (HPHT) conditions for oil well cementing application. The investigation unfolds in three distinct phases to meet its objectives. Phase 1 identifies the optimal GO concentration, demonstrating that a formulation with 3.83 M NaOH and 0.2% GO achieves a compressive strength of 21.39 MPa. Phase 2 applies this optimal formulation (Formulation OP 1) in functional oil well cementing tests, with rheology showing stable viscosity across temperatures and a thickening time of 3:25 hr at 100 Bc. Phase 3 evaluates compressive strength under varying temperature and pressure, revealing a maximum compressive strength of 25.68 MPa curing at 120°C and 20.68 MPa. Results show that higher temperatures enhance compressive strength, attributed to accelerated geopolymerization and improved pore structure. Experimental validation aligns closely with predictions, with deviations within 7.2%. This study highlights geopolymer cement's capability as a sustainable, high-performance option for challenging oil well settings, presenting a significant advancement over traditional oil well cement solutions. | ||
| Key Words | ||
| alkaline activator ratio; CCD; CCUS; compressive strength; fluid loss; fly ash; rheology | ||
| Address | ||
| (1) Mohd Firdaus Habarudin, Nasir Shafiq, Afif Izwan Abd Hamid, Nurul Nazmin Zulkarnain: Civil Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri Iskandar, 32610, Perak, Malaysia; (2) Mohd Firdaus Habarudin, Nurul Nazmin Zulkarnain: Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage (CCUS) Department, PETRONAS Research Sdn. Bhd., Kajang, 43000 Selangor, Malaysia; (3) Afif Izwan Abd Hamid: Renewable Energy and Green Technology, TNB Research Sdn. Bhd., Kajang, 43000 Selangor, Malaysia. | ||
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