Abstract
This study explores the application of nonlinear wave propagation in smart plates for structural health monitoring (SHM), specifically focusing on the future directions enabled by computer vision technologies. The system under consideration involves a smart rectangular plate comprising two distinct piezoelectric materials: PZT-4 on the top surface and PZT-5H on the bottom. The plate is subjected to an electric potential, which activates the piezoelectric materials, inducing voltage-based stress distributions that influence wave propagation dynamics. To capture the plate's behavior, high-order shear deformation theory (HSDT) is employed, incorporating von-Karman nonlinearity for a more accurate representation of large deformations. The Hamiltonian formulation is used to derive the governing equations for the system, which account for both linear and nonlinear wave behaviors. The nonlinear wave dynamics of the structure, including group and phase velocities, are analyzed to provide insights into the SHM capabilities. Nonlinear group and phase velocity information, particularly as it relates to the material heterogeneity and varying thicknesses of the plates, is presented as a key feature for future SHM methodologies. This study highlights how computer vision techniques can be leveraged to monitor these nonlinear phenomena in real-time, enabling precise damage detection and health assessment of complex, piezoelectric-enabled structures. Future directions aim to enhance the accuracy and efficiency of SHM systems by integrating advanced computational techniques, further extending the application of nonlinear wave propagation analysis in smart materials and structures.
Key Words
computer vision; nonlinear wave propagation; piezoelectric materials; structural health monitoring; Von-Karman nonlinearity
Address
(1) Yinghao Zhao:
Department of Road Bridge and River-crossing Engineering, School of Future Transportation, Guangzhou Maritime University, Guangzhou 510725, China;
(2) Guojun Zhang:
Department of Engineering, Quadrant International Inc., San Diego, 92121, USA;
(3) Mustafa Bayram:
Department of Computer Engineering, Biruni University, Istanbul 34010, Turkey;
(4) Mohammad Hasan Babaei Rochi:
Department of Mechanical Engineering, South Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
Abstract
The use of smart materials provides a compact and efficient solution for vibration attenuation in structures. This research investigates a flexible beam equipped with a surface-mounted piezoelectric patch connected to a tuned resistive–inductive shunt circuit, considering both series and parallel configurations under different boundary conditions. The electromechanically coupled equations are derived using Hamilton's principle and Euler–Bernoulli beam theory, and solved via the finite element method with modal reduction. In order to ensure methodological rigor and facilitate experimental reproducibility, the analyses are deliberately performed at relatively higher frequency ranges than those typically observed in practical structural applications. The results show that passive shunt damping efficiency depends strongly on the interaction between mechanical and electrical parameters, with boundary conditions, patch position, and resistance tuning each playing a decisive role. Series and parallel shunt topologies exhibit complementary advantages depending on the control objective. This study lies in the comparative assessment of metaheuristic optimization methods for determining optimal resistance values, revealing faster and more stable convergence with Particle Swarm Optimization, while Genetic Algorithm achieves comparable performance despite stochastic fluctuations. The findings provide practical design guidelines for optimizing piezoelectric shunt systems, contributing to the advancement of passive vibration control strategies in lightweight structures.
Key Words
attenuation; genetic algorithm; inductive shunt; modal analysis; optimization; particle swarm optimization; piezoelectric sensors and actuators; vibration control
Address
Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Technology, University of Tlemcen, B.P. 230, 13000, Tlemcen, Algeria.
Abstract
To go beyond vision-based surface defect inspection techniques for concrete structures, immersive 3D collaborative environments that enable remote inspections are being actively studied. This paper proposes a real-time remote collaboration system for the automated assessment of concrete infrastructure by combining augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR) technologies with impact acoustic inspection. By connecting to a human-in-the-loop framework, a field inspector (onsite AR operator) and an office manager (remote VR expert) can collaborate in real time during the inspection process. The system objectively detects internal defects in concrete by analyzing acoustic signals, thereby reducing human errors inherent in conventional hammer-sounding methods. The automated 3Dannotation feature of the proposed system enables a real-time visualization of defects within a digital model, minimizing discrepancies between actual inspection points and recorded data. Enhanced remote collaboration using AR and VR facilitates intuitive interactions between on-site inspectors and remote experts within a shared virtual environment, effectively reducing the reliance on large expert teams. An experimental validation conducted in a tunnel demonstrated the effectiveness of the system, in which an on-site inspector equipped with an AR headset and a remote expert with a VR device collaboratively performed the inspections. Our integrated system represents a viable framework for the automated inspection of concrete infrastructure.
Address
(1) Jigu Lee, Kiyoung Kim, Hoon Sohn:
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea;
(2) Junyeon Chung:
Infre Digital Twin Group, Samsung Electronics, Hwaseong, Republic of Korea;
(3) Zhanxiong Ma:
College of Civil Engineering and Mechanics, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China;
(4) Semi Kim, Sejin Jang:
Center for National Strategic Technology and Policy, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea;
(5) Jaehyeok Jeong:
Digital Convergence Center Metaverse Business Team, Sejong Technopark, Sejong, Republic of Korea;
(6) Jaegwon Jeong:
Global R&D Center, SQ Engineering, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Abstract
Smart structures have now been revolutionized with the introduction of nanomaterials to enhance the responsiveness, efficiency and sustainability of systems across a broad range of applications including education. In this paper, the application of nanomaterials in smart structures will be discussed with particular attention given to the ways of making the systems more responsive, efficient in the learning environment, and sustainable. With the unique mechanical, electrical and thermal properties of nanomaterials, it is possible to develop adaptive and intelligent systems that will be capable of detecting and reacting to environmental stimuli instantly. This paper will explain the importance of nanomaterials in the advancement of smart structural technologies focusing particularly on its advantageous energy efficiency, durability and multifunctionality. Further, the paper also highlights the potentials of these innovations in learning environments where smart infrastructure has the potential to improve the learning experience, streamline the utilisation of resources and support interactive and technology enabled learning activities. There are also issues of scalability, cost and long term performance. The results indicate that smart structures made of nanomaterials are an opportunity on the way to sustainable development and educational systems of the next generation.
Key Words
educational technology; nanomaterials; smart structures; structural health monitoring; sustainability
Address
(1) Qianqian Zhang:
School of Chinese Language and Literature, Changji University, Changji, China, 831100;
(2) Liang Lyu:
Universiti Putra Malaysia, Faculty of Design and Architecture, Kuala Lumpur, Malasia, 43000;
(3) Peng Wang:
School of Aviation Academy, Changji University, Changji, China, 831100;
(4) A. Horri:
Department of Civil Engineering, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran.
