Abstract
This article proposes a new type of aluminum-wood composite beam that reduces material weight and enhances lightweight construction. The beam is reinforced by composite material plates, providing additional rigidity. The beam has three cross-sections: I-shape, U-shape, and rectangular tube, with adhesive connection for both interfaces. The interfacial stresses in aluminum-wood composite beams reinforced by composite laminates are analyzed using nonlinear elastic theory and strain compatibility approach. The model considers shear deformations of the interface and is intended to be applied to all types of bonded materials. Theoretical predictions are compared with existing solutions, contributing to understanding the mechanical behavior of the interface and designing aluminumwood structures reinforced by composite materials.
Key Words
adhesive bonding; aluminum-wooden composite beam; composite plate; interfacial stresses; plate; shear lag effect; slip; strengthening
Address
Tahar Hassaine Daouadji: Laboratory of Geomatics and Sustainable Development, University of Tiaret, Algeria; Department of Civil Engineering, Ibn Khaldoun University of Tiaret, Algeria
Belkacem Adim: Laboratory of Geomatics and Sustainable Development, University of Tiaret, Algeria; Department of Civil, Mechanical and Transportation Engineering, Tissemsilt University, Algeria; Construction Engineering and Materials Sciences Laboratory, Tissemsilt University, Algeria
Ayed Eid Alluqmani: Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Islamic University of Madinah, Al-Madinah Al-Munawara, Prince Naif Ibn Abdulaziz, Al Jamiah, Medina 42351, Saudi Arabia
Bensatallah Tayeb: Laboratory of Geomatics and Sustainable Development, University of Tiaret, Algeria; Department of Civil Engineering, Ibn Khaldoun University of Tiaret, Algeria
Emad K. Njim, M.R. Al-hadrayi Ziadoon, Firas Thair Al-Maliky, Adnan A. Alshukri, S.M.H. Mohamedhussein, Mohsin A. Al-Shammari, Royal Madan, Kadhim K. Resan, Pallavi Khobragade
Abstract
This research presents Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) techniques that employ static, modal, harmonic, and transient analyses of functionally graded material (FGM) cracked plates, modeled using First-Order Shear Deformation Theory (FSDT). Crack effects are represented using an equivalent stiffness-reduction method, enabling efficient damage modeling without introducing geometric discontinuities. The study analytically investigates static deflection under concentrated loading, free vibration, harmonic response at resonance, and transient response to impulsive excitation. The primary objective is to predict plate behavior and assess damage history using SHM methodologies, validated by monitoring changes in natural frequencies and dynamic responses of damaged thin plates. Finite element models are developed for cracked steel plates with varying crack lengths and orientations. Results indicate that stress increases with crack length but decreases as the crack orientation aligns more closely with
the plate axis (y-axis). Both crack length and orientation significantly influence static compliance, natural frequencies, resonance amplitudes, and transient decay, highlighting the sensitivity of dynamic response parameters to damage severity. The combined use of static and dynamic indicators provides a comprehensive framework for SHM of functionally graded material plates, supporting effective damage detection and integrity assessment. Analytical results exhibit strong agreement with ANSYS simulations, with discrepancies remaining below 1% at a/c=0.01 for all crack angles considered. These findings establish a quantitative relationship between crack parameters and frequency reduction, confirming the model's applicability for vibration-based structural health monitoring of porous FGM plates.
Key Words
finite element method (FEM); functionally graded material (FGM); static analysis; structural health monitoring (SHM); theoretical model; vibration
Address
Emad K. Njim: Department of Mechanical Power Engineering, College of Technical Engineering, University of Al Maarif,
Al Anbar, 31001, Iraq
M.R. Al-hadrayi Ziadoon: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Kufa, Najaf, Iraq
Firas Thair Al-Maliky: Fuel and Energy Techniques Engineering Department, College of Engineering, AL-Mustaqbal University, 51001, Babylon, Iraq
Adnan A. Alshukri: Ministry of Industry and Minerals, State Company for Rubber and Tires Industries, Iraq
S.M.H. Mohamedhussein: The General Company for Production of Electrical Power AL-Furat Middle Region Al-Haidarya Power Plant, Najaf, Iraq
Mohsin A. Al-Shammari: Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
Royal Madan: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Graphic Era (Deemed to be University), Dehradun 248002, Uttarakhand, India
Kadhim K. Resan: Materials Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Mustansiriyah University, Iraq
Pallavi Khobragade: Department of civil Engineering, Dev Bhoomi University, Uttarakhand, India
Abstract
This paper presents a novel approach to mitigate shear interface stress in steel beams reinforced with composite materials. The proposed solution is distinctive as it integrates shear strains from both the beam and the reinforcing plate, leading to improved accuracy in predicting critical interface stresses and the composite structure's overall behavior. The analysis is based on a parabolic shear stress distribution assumption across the thickness of both the steel beam and the bonded plate. A parametric analysis is conducted to explore various factors impacting the stability of the composite plate, acknowledging that interface stresses depend on the material and geometric properties of the reinforcement. The results show that parameter variations have a significant effect on maximum shear stresses within the composite material. Numerical findings substantiate the new solution's efficacy and elucidate key aspects of interfacial stress distributions. This research deepens the comprehension of mechanical interactions at the interface and supports the design process for composite-steel hybrid structures.
Key Words
interfacial stresses; prestressed composite plate; shear lag effect; steel beam; strengthening
Address
Hassaine Daouadji Maya, Hassaine Daouadji Tahar2, Bensatallah Tayeb: Civil Engineering Department, University of Tiaret, Algeria; Laboratory of Geomatics and sustainable development, University of Tiaret, Algeria
Abstract
Efficient labor forecasting remains a critical yet underexplored challenge in industrialized construction, particularly in Pre-Engineered Building (PEB) fabrication environments characterized by repetitive workflows, tradespecific labor dynamics, and cost-sensitive schedules. This study proposes a classification-enhanced machine learning framework that integrates Random Forest regression with real-time biometric labor data to predict workforce requirements. Projects are systematically classified using fixed thresholds for labor intensity and variability, yielding behaviorally distinct groups that improve model specialization and reduce forecast variance. Dedicated Random Forest models are trained for each classification group, leveraging structured biometric attendance logs to ensure input data fidelity. Model performance is assessed using RMSE and MSE metrics, while a profitability-based evaluation quantifies financial outcomes associated with prediction deviations. Experimental results show that over 88% of forecasts fall within an acceptable
Key Words
biometric data; classification; labor forecasting; machine learning in construction; Pre-Engineered Building (PEB); profitability analysis; random forest
Address
Ringle Raja, Hemalatha: Department of Civil Engineering, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore, India
Elizabeth Amudhini Stephen: Department of Mathematics, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore, India
Athish: Department of AI and ML Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore, India
Charles Climent Fliex: Elshaddai Engineering Private Limited, Chennai, India
Abstract
This research deals with deformation of a two-dimensional homogeneous transversely isotropic thermoelastic-diffusive solid under chemical potential and thermal loads within the framework of Moore-Gibson-Thompson (MGT) thermoelasticity with two temperatures. Fourier transformation is used to solve the problem and then numerical inversion technique is applied to obtain the solution in physical domain. The application of a time harmonic concentrated and distributed loads are considered to show the utility of the obtained solution. Graphical representation of variation in the stress components, conductive temperature and chemical potential with distance is depicted by taking the effect of frequency.
Key Words
chemical potential; frequency domain; Moore-Gibson-Thompson model; thermoelastic diffusion
Address
Heena, Parveen Lata: Department of Mathematics, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, India
