Abstract
The comprehensive stability analysis of projectile discs reinforced with orthopaedic nanomaterials has been performed in this research using advanced multiphysical coupling effects. The structural model was developed as an eccentrically mounted annular plate, with piezo-magnetic patches incorporated into the design, allowing for the analysis of magnetic – electric field coupled interactions. The effective material properties of the orthopaedic nanocomposite were calculated using a modified Halpin-Tsai technique using the actual nanoscale reinforcement and anisotropic properties found in orthopaedic composites. The governing equations were formulated based on the theory of first order shear deformation, which provided an accurate representation of shear deformation in moderately thick discs. Compatibility conditions were imposed between the composite and the piezo-magnetic interfaces for continuity. The formulation contains both the strength components of the magnetic - electric fields and their corresponding potentials, enabling a full magneto-electro-elastic analysis. Hamilton's principle enables the development of a variational approach to modelling the system, producing a set of related differential equations, which govern the dynamic stability characteristics of the system. The differential equations are discretised in an efficient manner and solved accurately using the transformed differential quadrature method (TDQM), yielding very high numerical accuracy at a low overall computational cost. Parametric studies are performed to examine the effect of nanomaterial reinforcement, geometric eccentricity, and external magnetic/electric field parameters on the stability characteristics of the discs of projectiles. The results clearly show that the structural stability and tunability of orthopaedic nanomaterials are greatly enhanced by applying multi-physical loads. The framework proposed opens up new opportunities to develop and optimize advanced smart composite structures in aerospace, biomedical, and defense applications.
Address
Hui Jin: Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, 212002, China
Mohd Ahmed: Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, PO Box 394, Abha 61411 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia/ Center for Engineering and Technology Innovations, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
Abstract
The research being undertaken focuses on studying the effects of using carbon nanotubes (CNTs) which are nano-enhanced materials, applied to sport stadium roof systems, and how they perform aerodynamically and affect the dynamic stability characteristics of those structures. A structural model was created using the parabolic shear deformation theory (PSDT). A refinement to the transverse shear strain function has been made that accurately represents the effect of shear deformation without using shear correction factors. The coupled governing equations of motion that define fluid-structure interaction (FSI) under high-velocity flow conditions were derived using Hamilton's principle. The Krumhaar modification to the supersonic piston method was used to provide a robust yet analytically traceable means by which to determine unsteady aerodynamic pressure on roof geometry subjected to high wind loads or transient aerodynamic disturbances. The resulting P.D.E.s will be discretized using the differential quadrature method (DQM), which employs Lagrange interpolating polynomials expressed in terms of Chebyshev polynomial root interpolation to enhance numeric stability and convergence of DQM. This discretization method will allow for accurate evaluation of spatial derivatives using a smaller computational grid, allowing for effective parametric studies on complex roof shapes. The effects of the volume fraction of CNT reinforcement, distribution patterns and orientation are explored in order to quantify improvements in terms of stiffness, aeroelastic resistance, and flutter limits. The study shows that CNT reinforced composite roofs have much higher aerodynamic damping values and higher critical dynamic instability limits than traditional laminates. Moreover, PSDT based modeling indicates a significant sensitivity of transverse shear on the flutter onset, particularly for large span curved roofs that are common for modern stadiums. The overall methodology presented in this study integrates state-of-the-art nanoscale material modeling with high-fidelity aeroelastic analysis and provides a comprehensive method for optimising lightweight, durable and aerodynamically stable stadium roof systems for the next generation of sports facilities.
Key Words
aeroelastic stability; carbon nanotube reinforcement; parabolic shear deformation theory; sport stadium roofs; supersonic piston theory
Address
Long Liu: School of Health care, Chongqing Preschool Education College, Wanzhou Chongqing 404047, China
Mohd Ahmed: Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, PO Box 394, Abha 61411 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia/ Center for Engineering and Technology Innovations, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
Abstract
The research evaluates the possibility of using DNA-like helix structures as a basis for developing innovative approaches to elderly health technologies. This work applies a various multiscale modeling strategy that integrates Carrera's unified formulation (CUF)-based finite element method (FEM) and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and characterizes both continuum and atomic/nano-scale vibrational responses of biologically inspired helices. In order to address issues related to natural frequency and stability of bio-inspired helices under physiologically-like loading conditions, the research focuses on the impact of variation in the helical radius, pitch of turns, as well as, size-dependent elastic properties on structural dynamics and mechanical stability of the helices. The analysis found that variations in nanoscale interactions & nonlocal elastic behaviour had an impact on both the stiffness and dynamic response of the helices; thereby providing insight into the mechanical robustness of these structures and confirming the reliability of the proposed methodology due to the similarity of the CUF-FEM predictions, MD simulations, & experimentally determined results. This work establishes a foundational understanding of how to engineer DNA-like structures with enhanced mechanical properties while providing a means for integrating them into next-generation healthcare monitoring platforms, biomechanical sensors, & nanoscale drug delivery systems designed for use by an aging population. Linking structural mechanics to biomedical applications proves that future innovations can be achieved through the development of new types of functional units, e.g., DNA-based helices or structures, that may address healthcare problems associated with the aging population.
Key Words
CUF-based finite element method; DNA-like helices; dynamic stability; elderly health applications; molecular dynamics simulations
Abstract
This study presents a comprehensive analytical framework for optimizing nanocomposite-reinforced coal mining components designed for advanced rock mechanics applications. Emphasis is placed on the mechanical performance of structural panels enhanced with graphene oxide powder–based nanocomposite reinforcement (GOPCR). A doubly curved GOPCR panel subjected to distributed airflow pressure representative of harsh underground mine ventilation environments is modeled to capture the coupled effects of curvature, pressure loading, and nanoscale reinforcement on dynamic behavior. Hamilton's principle is employed to derive the governing equations of motion, incorporating an improved shear deformation theory with an appropriate shear-correction factor to accurately represent transverse shear effects associated with moderately thick, nanocomposite-enhanced structures. The resulting partial differential equations are solved analytically using a double trigonometric series expansion consistent with Navier's solution technique, enabling explicit closed-form expressions for modal characteristics. Parametric studies investigate the influence of GOP volume fraction, curvature ratio, and airflow pressure on frequency response. Results indicate that GOP reinforcement significantly enhances stiffness, yielding noticeable increases in natural frequencies compared to conventional polymer-reinforced panels. A focused comparison is conducted between the natural frequencies of the GOPCR doubly curved panel and those of a shallow spherical shell of analogous geometric and material configuration. The findings reveal that nanocomposite modification produces more pronounced frequency elevations in the shallow shell due to its higher inherent geometric rigidity. Overall, this research demonstrates the strong potential of GOPCR materials for improving the durability, stability, and vibration resistance of coal mining structural components, offering valuable insights for the design of next-generation rock mechanics support systems.
Key Words
doubly curved panels; graphene oxide nanocomposite; natural frequency analysis; rock mechanics applications; shear deformation theory
Address
Yunhang Du, Hongwei Li, Jiangjie Wu, Dingbin Ruan, Zidong Lu: School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Yunnan Vocational Institute of Energy Technology, Qujing, Yunnan, 655000, China
Jianying Li: School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Yunnan Vocational Institute of Energy Technology, Qujing, Yunnan, 655000, China
Kekuo Yuan: School of Civil Engineering, Xijing University, Xi'an, Shaanxi,710123, China
Abstract
This work presents a hybrid polyurethane nanocomposite coating reinforced with functionalized nano-SiO2 and graphene oxide for high-performance furniture applications. Surface modification via APTES silane coupling promoted uniform nanoparticle dispersion and robust interfacial bonding within the polymer matrix. Multiscale characterization using SEM, XRD, FTIR, and Raman spectroscopy confirmed successful hybrid nanostructure formation and strong matrix-filler interactions. The nanocomposite exhibited synergistic reinforcement: pencil hardness increased from HB to 3H, flexural modulus improved by 22%, and pull-off adhesion strength rose by 18%. Taber abrasion testing revealed approximately 40% enhanced wear resistance, while thermogravimetric analysis showed elevated thermal stability with the onset of degradation shifting from 284 to 308
Address
Shuo Lei: Shaanxi College of Communications Technology, Xi'an 710018, Shaanxi, China
Wenzhu Liu: School of Management, Wuhan Donghu College, Wuhan 430212, Hubei China
Mostafa Habibi: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Haliç University, Istanbul, Turkey/ Department of Biomaterials, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, India
Tayebeh Mahmoudi: Hoonam Sanat Farnak, Engineering and Technology Knowledge-based Enterprise Company, Ilam, 6931876647, Iran
Abstract
This pioneering research transforms theoretical nanomechanics into practical sports innovation by investigating the dynamic stability of rotating functionally graded material (FGM) structures at micro/nano scales. Through rigorous application of Hamilton's principle and energy methods combined with high-order nonlocal elasticity theories, we develop a comprehensive framework for optimizing sports equipment that experiences rotational motion and high-frequency vibrations. The study specifically targets next-generation athletic gear, including bicycle wheels, tennis rackets, golf club shafts, and running shoe components, where rotational dynamics and structural stability directly impact athlete performance, safety, and competitive advantage. Our numerical analysis reveals how size-dependent effects at small scales can be harnessed to create equipment with superior vibration damping, enhanced energy transfer efficiency, and unprecedented durability under extreme rotational loads. By integrating 2D-FGM architectures with nonlocal size effects, we demonstrate how equipment can be engineered to adapt dynamically to athletic movements, reducing injury risk while maximizing power transmission. This work establishes a new paradigm for sports equipment design that leverages cutting-edge material science to create adaptive, intelligent gear that responds to real-time athletic demands. The findings provide manufacturers with actionable insights for developing equipment that not only enhances performance metrics but also significantly improves athlete comfort and long-term joint health through optimized dynamic stability characteristics.
Address
Jun Cheng, Qiang Xiao: College of Sports and Health, Nanchang Institute of Science and Technology, Nanchang 330108, Jiangxi, China
Yanfeng Dong: Department of Physical Education, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010000, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
Mostafa Habibi: Technical Sciences, Chennai, India/ Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Haliç University, Istanbul, Turkey/ Department of Biomaterials, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, India
Ali Taghezout, Sahnoun Zengah, Ali Benhamena, Abdelghani Baltach, Abdelkader Djebli, Zagane Mohammed El Sallah, Murat Yaylaci, Kenan Balci, Merve Terzi, Ecren Uzun Yaylaci
Abstract
The development of mathematical models that describe physical phenomena is an essential aspect of engineering, enabling the prediction of structural behavior through equations derived from physical laws. Among various computational techniques, the finite element method (FEM) remains the most prevalent in analyzing complex structures and components. This article presents a three-dimensional finite element analysis (3D-FEM) with the aim of investigating the fretting fatigue behavior of second-generation titanium alloys (Ti-45Nb). The research focuses on the analysis of contact parameters, the influence of crack size, sliding amplitude, and the occurrence of stick, slip, and stick-slip zones on crack nucleation and propagation under multiaxial stress conditions. The multiaxial stress state at the contact interface plays a dominant role in determining the location and initiation of the crack. For fatigue life estimation and identification of the crack initiation zone, the Crossland, Findley, and Smith-Watson-Topper (SWT) multiaxial fatigue criteria were applied. In addition, advanced fracture mechanics parameters including the J-integral, stress intensity factors (Mode I, II, and III: Ki, Kii, Kiii), and T-stress were evaluated using the Extended Finite Element Method (XFEM), providing a detailed characterization of the crack driving forces under complex loading conditions. The results provide quantitative proof of the damage mechanisms and critical parameters influencing the durability of Ti-45Nb alloys under fretting fatigue. The originality of this study lies in combining 3D contact analysis, multiaxial fatigue criteria, and XFEM-based fracture assessment for Ti-45Nb alloy under fretting fatigue within a single framework. Accordingly, the main purpose of this study is to identify the critical crack initiation region and to characterize crack propagation behavior under multiaxial contact loading.
Key Words
finite element method; fretting fatigue, multiaxial stress; ti-45Nb alloy; XFEM
Address
Ali Taghezout, Sahnoun Zengah, Ali Benhamena, Abdelkader Djebli: Mechanics of Materials, Energy and Environment Laboratory (L2M2E), University of Mascara, 29000 Mascara, Algeria
Abdelghani Baltach, Zagane Mohammed El Sallah: Department of Mechanical, University of Ibn Khaldoun, Tiaret, BP 78 Zaaroura Street, Algeria
Murat Yaylaci: Department of Civil Engineering, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, 53100, Rize, Türkiye/ Turgut Kiran Maritime Faculty, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, 53900, Rize, Türkiye
Kenan Balci: Department of Civil Engineering, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, 53100, Rize, Türkiye
Abstract
The screening of malignant pulmonary nodules is important in order to enhance the survival rates of the patients having lung cancer. Traditional methods of diagnosis like computed tomography (CT) scans and biopsy procedures are usually challenged in terms of sensitivity, specificity and late diagnosis. This paper suggests an interdisciplinary approach that would involve both nanosensor arrays and deep learning into the prevention and classification of malignant pulmonary nodules at an early stage. The nanosensor arrays will have the ability to detect volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and molecular biomarkers of lung cancer in breath samples. These sensor reactions yield the high-dimensional signal patterns which are analyzed by a deep learning model to identify the salient nodules as benign or malignant. A training and evaluation model based on a convolutional neural network (CNN) was trained and tested on a dataset of sensor responses obtained on clinical breath samples. Preprocessing of data and feature normalization was done in order to improve signal quality and minimize noise. Cross-validation method was used to test the proposed system to guarantee the presence of robustness and reliability. The experimental findings show that the combined nanosensor deep learning system had an overall detection accuracy of 94.3 where the sensitivity was 92.1 and the specificity was 95.6 in classifying between malignant pulmonary nodules and benign conditions. The results demonstrate that the integration of nanosensors arrays and state-of-the-art deep learning algorithms can greatly increase the early detection of lung cancer. A non-invasive, fast, and cost-effective method can potentially assist in clinical decision-making and screening programs, which eventually would allow making administration of patients earlier and achieving better results. More extensive clinical studies are advised to support and streamline the suggested system to be used in medical practice.
Key Words
computed tomography; deep learning; malignant pulmonary nodules; nano; nanosensor
