Abstract
This paper presents numerical and experimental investigations on damage detection of mono-coupled multistory buildings using natural frequency as only diagnostic parameter. Frequency equation of a mono-coupled multistory building is first derived using the transfer matrix method. Closed-form sensitivity equation is established to relate the relative change in the stiffness of each story to the relative changes in the natural frequencies of the building. Damage detection is then performed using the sensitivity equation with its special features and minimizing the norm of an objective function with an inequality constraint. Numerical and experimental investigations are finally conducted on a mono-coupled 3-story building model as an application of the proposed algorithm, in which the influence of modeling error on the degree of accuracy of damage detection is discussed. A mono-coupled 10-story building is further used to examine the capability of the proposed algorithm against measurement noise and incomplete measured natural frequencies. The results obtained demonstrate that changes in story stiffness can be satisfactorily detected, located, and quantified if all sensitive natural frequencies to damaged stories are available. The proposed damage detection algorithm is not sensitive to measurement noise and modeling error.
Key Words
damage detection; mono-coupled multistory building; natural frequency.
Address
Y. L. Xu; Department of Civil and Structural Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong Hongping Zhu; School of Civil Engineering & Mechanics, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430074, China J. Chen; Department of Civil and Structural Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
Abstract
Modified virtual crack closure integral (MVCCI) technique has become very popular for computation of strain energy release rate (SERR) and stress intensity factor (SIF) for 2-D crack problems. The objective of this paper is to propose a numerical integration procedure for MVCCI so as to generalize the technique and make its application much wider. This new procedure called as numerically integrated MVCCI (NI-MVCCI) will remove the dependence of MVCCI equations on the type of finite element employed in the basic stress analysis. Numerical studies on fracture analysis of 2-D crack (mode I and II) problems have been conducted by employing 4-noded, 8-noded (regular & quarter-point), 9-noded and 12-noded finite elements. For non-singular (regular) elements at crack tip, NI-MVCCI technique generates the same results as MVCCI, but the advantage for higher order regular and singular elements is that complex equations for MVCCI need not be derived. Gauss numerical integration rule to be employed for 8-noded singular (quarter-point) element for accurate computation of SERR and SIF has been recommended based on the numerical studies.
Key Words
fracture mechanics; finite element method; stress intensity factor; strain energy release rate; numerical integration.
Address
G. S. Palani; Structural Engineering Research Centre, CSIR Campus, Taramani, Chennai-600 113, India B. Dattaguru; Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-560 012, India Nagesh R. Iyer; Structural Engineering Research Centre, CSIR Campus, Taramani, Chennai-600 113, India
Abstract
Lateral-torsional buckling moment resistances of I-shaped stepped beams with continuous lateral top-flange bracing under a single point load on the top flange and negative end moments were investigated. Stepped beam factors and a moment gradient correction factor suggested by Park et al. (2003, 2004) were used to develop new lateral buckling formula for beam designs. From the investigation of finite element analysis (FEA), new lateral buckling formula of beams with singly or doubly stepped member changes and with continuous lateral top-flange bracing subjected to a single point load on top flange and end moments were developed. The new design equation includes the length-to-height ratio factor to account for the increase of lateral-torsional buckling moment resistance as the increase of length-to-height ratio of stepped beams. The calculation examples for obtaining lateral-torsional buckling moment resistance using the new design equation indicate that engineers should easily determine the buckling capacity of the stepped beams.
Key Words
stability; buckling; beams; design.
Address
The 2nd Young Jong Bridge, Civil Work Division, Samsung Corporation, 624-67 Younghyeon-Dong, Nam-Gu, Incheon 402-834, Korea
Abstract
The torsion of a penny-shaped crack in a transversely isotropic strip is investigated in this paper. The shear moduli are functionally graded in such a way that the mathematics is tractable. Hankel transform is used to reduce the problem to solving a Fredholm integral equation. The crack tip stress field is obtained by taking the asymptotic behavior of Bessel function into account. The effects of material property parameters and geometry criterion on the stress intensity factor are investigated. Numerical results show that increasing the shear moduli\' gradient and/or increasing the shear modulus in a direction perpendicular to the crack surface can suppress crack initiation and growth, and that the stress intensity factor varies little with the increasing of the strip\' height.
Address
W. J. Feng; Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science, Shijiazhuang Railway Institute, Shijiazhuang, P.R. China R. K. L. Su; Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P.R. China
Abstract
The compressive behavior up to failure of short concrete members reinforced with fiber reinforced plastic (FRP) is investigated. Rectangular cross-sections are analysed by means of a simplified elastic model, able also to explain stress-concentration. The model allows one to evaluate the equivalent uniform confining pressure in ultimate conditions referred to the effective confined cross-section and to the effective stresses in FRP along the sides of section; consequently, it makes it possible to determine ultimate strain and the related bearing capacity of the confined member corresponding to FRP failure. The effect of local reinforcements constitute by single strips applied at corners before the continuous wrapping and the effect of round corners are also considered. Analytical results are compared to experimental values available in the literature.
Key Words
FRP; confinement; rectangular cross-section; stress-concentration; maximum compressive strength; ultimate strain.
Address
Dipartimento di Ingegneria Strutturale e Geotecnica, Universita di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze - 90128 Palermo, Italy
Abstract
The inverse pseudo excitation method is used in the identification of random loadings. For structures subjected to stationary random excitations, the power spectral density matrices of such loadings are identified experimentally. The identification is based on the measured acceleration responses and the structural frequency response functions. Numerical simulation is used in the optimal selection of sensor locations. The proposed method has been successfully applied to the loading identification experiments of three structural models, two uniform steel cantilever beams and a four-story plastic glass frame, subjected to uncorrelated or partially correlated random excitations. The identified loadings agree quite well with actual excitations. It is proved that the proposed method is quite accurate and efficient in addition to its ability to alleviate the ill conditioning of the structural frequency response functions.
Key Words
loading identification; inverse pseudo excitation method; random vibration; computer simulation.
Address
Department of Engineering Mechanics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
Abstract
The Element-Based Lagrangian Formulation of a 9-node resultant-stress shell element is presented for the isotropic and anisotropic composite material. The effect of the coupling term between the bending strain and displacement has been investigated in the warping problem. The strains, stresses and constitutive equations based on the natural co-ordinate have been used throughout the Element-Based Lagrangian Formulation of the present shell element which offers an advantage of easy implementation compared with the traditional Lagrangian Formulation. The element is free of both membrane and shear locking behavior by using the assumed natural strain method such that the element performs very well in thin shell problems. In composite plates and shells, the transverse shear stiffness is defined by an equilibrium approach instead of using the shear correction factor. The arc-length control method is used to trace complex equilibrium paths in thin shell applications. Several numerical analyses are presented and discussed in order to investigate the capabilities of the present shell element. The results showed very good agreement compared with well-established formulations in the literature.
Key Words
9-node resultant shell element; Element-based Lagrangian Formulation; laminated composite plates and shells; assumed strain method; arc-length control method.
Address
S. C. Han; Department of Civil Engineering, Daewon Science College, Jecheon, Chung-Buk 390-702, Korea K. D. Kim and W. Kanok-Nukulchai; School of Civil Engineering, Asian Institute of Technology,Klongluang, Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand
