Abstract
The three-dimensional Hashin criterion and user subroutine VUMAT were used to simulate the damage in the composite layer, and the secondary stress criterion was used to simulate the interlayer failure of the cohesive element of the bonding layer and the propagation characteristics under the layer. The results showed that when the shear stress wave (shear wave) propagates on the surface of the laminate, the stress wave attenuation along the fiber strength direction is small, and thus producing a large stress profile. When the compressive stress wave (longitudinal wave) is transmitted between the layers, it is reflected immediately instead of being transmitted immediately. This phenomenon occurs only when the energy has accumulated to a certain degree between the layers. The transmission of longitudinal waves is related to the thickness and the layer orientation. Along the symmetry across the thickness direction, the greater is the stress amplitude along the layer direction. Based on the detailed investigation on the impact on various laminated composites carried out in this paper, the propagation characteristics of stress waves, the damage and the destruction of laminates can be explained from the perspective of stress waves and a reasonable layering sequence of the composite can be designed against damage and failure from low velocity impact.
Key Words
composite laminate; finite element analysis; impact load; laying sequence; stress wave
Address
Zhangxin Guo: College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China; Shanxi Key Laboratory of Material Strength & Structural Impact, College of Mechanics, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
Weijing Niu: Shanxi Polytechnic College, Taiyuan 030006, China
Junjie Cui: College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
Gin Boay Chai: School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
Yongcun Li: College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanics Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
Xiaodong Wu: College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
Abstract
To efficiently attenuate seismic responses of a structure, a novel pneumatic-driven active dynamic vibration absorber (PD-ADVA) is proposed in this study. PD-ADVA aims to realize closed-loop control using a simple and intuitive control algorithm, which takes the structure velocity response as the input signal and then outputs an inverse control force to primary structure. The corresponding active control theory and phase control mechanism of the system are studied by numerical and theoretical methods, the system's control performance and amplitude-frequency characteristics under seismic excitations are explored. The capability of the proposed active control system to cope with frequency-varying random excitation is evaluated by comparing with the optimum tuning TMD. The analysis results show that the control algorithm of PD-ADVA ensures the control force always output to the structure in the opposite direction of the velocity response, indicating that the presented
system does not produce a negative effect. The phase difference between the response of uncontrolled and controlled structures is zero, while the phase difference between the control force and the harmonic excitation is t, the theoretical and numerical results demonstrate that PD-ADVA always generates beneficial control effects. The PD-ADVA can effectively mitigate the structural seismic responses, and its control performance is insensitive to amplitude. Compared with the optimum tuning TMD, PD-ADVA has better control performance and higher system stability, and will not have negative effects under seismic wave excitations.
Key Words
active control; control theory; dynamic vibration absorber; phase control mechanism; pneumatic-driven;
seismic excitation
Address
Kunjie Rong: Department of Disaster Mitigation for Structures, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China;
School of Civil Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250061, China
Xinghua Li: Department of Disaster Mitigation for Structures, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
Zheng Lu: Department of Disaster Mitigation for Structures, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China; State Key Laboratory of Disaster Reduction in Civil Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
Siyuan Wu: China Construction Eighth Engineering Division Co. Ltd., Shanghai, 200122, China
Abstract
In this paper, dynamic buckling of truncated conical shell made of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) composite is studied. In aerospace industries, this category of structures is utilized extensively due to wide range of engineering applications. To calculate the effective material properties of the nanocomposite, The Mori-Tanaka model is applied. Also, the motion equations are derived with the assistance of the first order shear deformation theory (FSDT), Hamilton's principle and energy method. Besides, In order to solve motion equations and analyze dynamic instability region (DIR) of the structure, mixed model of differential quadrature method (DQM) and Bolotin's method is used. Moreover, investigation of the different parameters effects such as geometrical parameters and volume fraction of CNTs on the analysis of the DIR of the structure is done. In accordance with the obtained results, the DIR will occur at higher frequencies by increasing the volume fraction of CNTs.
Key Words
bolotin; DQM; dynamic buckling; nanocomposite; truncated conical shell
Address
H. Vossough, F. Ahmadi and S. Golabi: Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran
Abstract
In this study, to explore the working performance of the CFST split spherical node wind power tower, two groups of CFST split spherical joint plane towers with different web wall thicknesses and a set of space systems were analyzed. The tower was subjected to a low-cycle repeated load test, and the hysteresis and skeleton curves were analyzed. ABAQUS finite element simulation was used for verification and comparison, and on this basis parameter expansion analysis was carried out. The results show that the failure mode of the wind power tower was divided into weld tear damage between belly bar, high strength bolt thread damage and belly rod flexion damage. In addition, increasing the wall thickness of the web member could render the hysteresis curve fuller. Finally, the bearing capacity of the separated spherical node wind power tower was high, but its plastic deformation ability was poor. The ultimate bearing capacity and ductility coefficient of the simulated specimens are positively correlated with web diameter ratio and web column stiffness ratio. When the diameter ratio of the web member was greater than 0.13, or the stiffness ratio y of the web member to the column was greater than 0.022, the increase of the ultimate bearing capacity and ductility coefficient decreased significantly. In order to maximize the overall mechanical performance of the tower and improve its economy, it was suggested that the diameter ratio of the ventral rod be 0.11-0.13, while the stiffness ratio y should be 0.02-0.022.
Key Words
concrete filled steel tube (CFST); finite element analysis; low cyclic; split spherical node; wind power tower
Address
Yang Wen, Guangmao Xu, Xiazhi Wu and Zhaojian Li: School of Civil Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia Baotou 014010, China
Abstract
The latest earthquake's costly repairs and economic disruption were brought on by excessive residual drift. Selfcentering systems are one of the most efficient ways in the current generation of seismic resistance system to get rid of and reduce residual drift. The mechanics and behavior of the self-centering system in response to seismic forces were impacted by a number of important factors. The amount of post-tensioning (PT) force, which is often employed for the standing posture after an earthquake, is the first important component. The energy dissipater element is another one that has a significant impact on how the self-centering system behaves. Using the damper as a replaceable and affordable tool and fuse in self-centering frames has been recommended to boost energy absorption and dampening of structural systems during earthquakes. In this research, the
self-centering steel moment frame connections are equipped with cushion flexural dampers (CFDs) as an energy dissipator system to increase energy absorption, post-yielding stiffness, and ease replacement after an earthquake. Also, it has been carefully considered how to reduce permanent deformations in the self-centering steel moment frames exposed to seismic loads while maintaining adequate stiffness, strength, and ductility. After confirming the FE model's findings with an earlier experimental PT connection, the behavior of the self-centering connection using CFD has been surveyed in this study. The FE modeling takes into account strands preloading as well as geometric and material nonlinearities. In addition to contact and sliding phenomena, gap opening and closing actions are included in the models. According to the findings, self-centering
moment-resisting frames (SF-MRF) combined with CFD enhance post-yielding stiffness and energy absorption with the least amount of permeant deformation in a certain CFD thickness. The obtained findings demonstrate that the effective energy
dissipation ratio (B), is increased to 0.25% while also lowering the residual drift to less than 0.5%. Also, this enhancement in the self-centering connection with CFD's seismic performance was attained with a respectable moment capacity to beam plastic moment capacity ratio.
Key Words
self-centering; residual drift; energy dissipation; finite element analysis; cushion flexural damper
Address
Ali Nazeri, Reza Vahdani and Mohammad Ali Kafi: Faculty of Civil Engineering, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran
Abstract
This paper presents a novel method for modeling elastic wave propagation in long beams. The proposed method derives a solution for the transient transverse displacement of the beam's neutral axis without assuming the separation of variables (SV). By mapping the governing equation from the space domain to the frequency domain using Fourier
transformation (FT), the transverse displacement function is determined as a convolution integral of external loading functions and a combination of trigonometric and Fresnel functions. This method determines the beam's response to general loading conditions as a linear combination of the analytical response of a beam subjected to an abrupt localized loading. The proposed solution method is verified through finite element analysis (FEA) and wave propagation patterns are derived for tone burst loading with specific frequency contents. The results demonstrate that the proposed solution method accurately models wave dispersion, reduces computational cost, and yields accurate results even for high-frequency loading.
Abstract
For a given structural geometry, the stiffness and damping parameters of the soil and the dynamic response of the
structure may change in the face of an equivalent linear soil behavior caused by a strong earthquake. Therefore, the influence of equivalent linear soil behavior on the impedance functions form and the seismic response of the soil-structure system has been investigated. Through the substructure method, the seismic response of the selected structure was obtained by an analytical formulation based on the dynamic equilibrium of the soil-structure system modeled by an analog model with three degrees of freedom. Also, the dynamic response of the soil-structure system for a nonlinear soil behavior and for the two types of impedance function forms was also analyzed by 2D finite element modeling using ABAQUS software. The numerical results
were compared with those of the analytical solution. After the investigation, the effect of soil nonlinearity clearly showed the critical role of soil stiffness loss under strong shaking, which is more complex than the linear elastic soil behavior, where the energy dissipation depends on the seismic motion amplitude and its frequency, the impedance function types, the shear modulus reduction and the damping increase. Excellent agreement between finite element analysis and analytical results has been obtained due to the reasonable representation of the model.
Key Words
equivalent linear soil model; impedance function; seismic response; soil-structure interaction (SSI);
viscoelastic model
Address
Maroua Lagaguine: LGC Laboratory, University Badji Mokhtar of Annaba, BP 12, 23100 Annaba, Algeria
Badreddine Sbartai: LMGE Laboratory, University Badji Mokhtar of Annaba, BP 12, 23100 Annaba, Algeria
Abstract
This paper presents a mechanical model of a "tapered composite shaft" rotating at a constant speed around its axis. The spatial equations of motion are solved using the Lagrange technique, and a finite element approach is employed to construct the model. Theoretical analysis is used to compute the kinetic and strain energies. A comparison is made between conventional finite element methods and hierarchical finite element methods, indicating that the former uses fewer elements and provides higher accuracy in determining natural frequencies. Numerical calculations are performed to determine the eigen frequencies and critical speeds of the rotating composite shaft. The critical speeds of composite shaft systems are compared with existing literature to validate the proposed model.
Key Words
energy of deformation; finite element method; natural frequencies; shear deformation; tapered composite; vibration
Address
Rachid Zahi: Laboratory of Mechanics of Structures and Solids (LMSS), University of Relizane, Algeria
Abderahmane Sahli: Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Djillali Liabes Sidi Bel Abbes, 22000, Algeria
Djafar Ait Kaci: Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Djillali Liabes Sidi Bel Abbes, 22000, Algeria
Fouad Bourada: Material and Hydrology Laboratory, Faculty of Technology, Civil Engineering Department, University of Sidi Bel Abbes, Algeria; Science and Technology Department, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tissemsilt University, Algeria
Abdelouahed Tounsi: Material and Hydrology Laboratory, Faculty of Technology, Civil Engineering Department, University of Sidi Bel Abbes, Algeria; YFL (Yonsei Frontier Lab), Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea; Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia; Interdisciplinary Research Center for Construction and Building Materials, KFUPM, 31261 Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
Mofareh Hassan Ghazwani: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Jazan University, P.O Box 45124, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudia Arabia
