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Wind and Structures Volume 32, Number 4, April 2021 , pages 321-340 DOI: https://doi.org/10.12989/was.2021.32.4.321 |
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Wind energy into the future: The challenge of deep-water wind farms |
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Francesco Ricciardelli, Carmela Maienza, Mustafa Vardaroglu and Alberto Maria Avossa
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| Abstract | ||
| In 2019, 5.6% of the total energy produced worldwide came from wind. Offshore wind generation is still a small portion of the total wind generation, yet its growth is exponential. Higher availability of sites, larger producibility and potentially lower environmental impacts make offshore wind generation attractive. On the other hand, as the water depth increases, fixed foundations are no more viable, and the new frontier is that of floating foundations. This paper brings an overview of why and how offshore wind energy should move deep water; it contains material from the Keynote Lecture given by the first author at the ACEM20/Structures20 Conference, held in Seoul in August 2020. The paper is organized into four sections: the first giving general concepts about wind generation especially offshore, the second and the third considering economic and technical aspects, respectively, of offshore deep-water wind generation, in the fourth, some challenges of floating offshore wind generation are presented and some conclusions are drawn. | ||
| Key Words | ||
| wind generation; offshore wind farms; offshore platforms; economic planning; life-cycle cost assessment; hydrodynamic loads; aerodynamic loads | ||
| Address | ||
| Francesco Ricciardelli:Department of Engineering,University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", via Roma 29, 81031 Aversa (CE), Italy Carmela Maienza:Department of Engineering,University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", via Roma 29, 81031 Aversa (CE), Italy Mustafa Vardaroglu:Department of Engineering,University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", via Roma 29, 81031 Aversa (CE), Italy Alberto Maria Avossa:Department of Engineering,University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", via Roma 29, 81031 Aversa (CE), Italy | ||