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Smart Structures and Systems Volume 38, Number 2, August 2026 , pages 129-153 DOI: https://doi.org/10.12989/sss.2026.38.2.02 |
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A new YOLOv5s model incorporating Slim-neck and SimAM for detecting surface bubble defects of fair-faced concretes |
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Shi-Han Xu, Jing-Liang Liu, Wen-Ting Zheng, Zi-Xuan Chen
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| Abstract | ||
| Since traditional methods for detecting surface bubble defects usually suffer from drawbacks such as slow speed and low accuracy, a new You Only Look Once version 5s (YOLOv5s) model, incorporating Slim-neck and simple parameter-free attention module (SimAM), is proposed to address this challenge. Initially, data augmentation strategies are employed to expand the original dataset, which comprises 1,835 images, into a new dataset of 7,340 photographs, thereby enhancing the generalizability of the newly proposed YOLOv5s model. Subsequently, a lightweight Slim-Neck network, grounded in a group shuffling convolution (GSConv) module, is integrated into the backbone network to reduce the complexity of the newly proposed YOLOv5s model while maintaining a high level of target detection accuracy. Furthermore, a SimAM mechanism is embedded within the neck network, enabling the refined model to focus more intensively on the key characteristics of surface bubbles in fair-faced concrete. To validate the effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed YOLOv5s model, a dataset including 7,340 bubble defect images is investigated. The results demonstrate that the proposed model successfully strikes a commendable balance between the detection speed and accuracy. Additionally, it offers a promising and effective tool for detecting surface bubbles in real-world fair-faced concrete structures. | ||
| Key Words | ||
| attention mechanism; fair-faced concrete lightweight network; object detection; surface bubble defects; YOLOv5s | ||
| Address | ||
| (1) Shi-Han Xu, Jing-Liang Liu: College of Transportation and Civil Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350108, China; (2) Shi-Han Xu: College of Civil Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China; (3) Wen-Ting Zheng: College of Civil Engineering, Fujian University of Technology, Fuzhou 350118, China; (4) Zi-Xuan Chen: Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macau, China. | ||