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Structural Engineering and Mechanics Volume 85, Number 4, February25 2023 , pages 469-484 DOI: https://doi.org/10.12989/sem.2023.85.4.469 |
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Force-deformation relationship prediction of bridge piers through stacked LSTM network using fast and slow cyclic tests |
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Omid Yazdanpanah, Minwoo Chang, Minseok Park and Yunbyeong Chae
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| Abstract | ||
| A deep recursive bidirectional Cuda Deep Neural Network Long Short Term Memory (Bi-CuDNNLSTM) layer is recruited in this paper to predict the entire force time histories, and the corresponding hysteresis and backbone curves of reinforced concrete (RC) bridge piers using experimental fast and slow cyclic tests. The proposed stacked Bi-CuDNNLSTM layers involve multiple uncertain input variables, including horizontal actuator displacements, vertical actuators axial loads, the effective height of the bridge pier, the moment of inertia, and mass. The functional application programming interface in the Keras Python library is utilized to develop a deep learning model considering all the above various input attributes. To have a robust and reliable prediction, the dataset for both the fast and slow cyclic tests is split into three mutually exclusive subsets of training, validation, and testing (unseen). The whole datasets include 17 RC bridge piers tested experimentally ten for fast and seven for slow cyclic tests. The results bring to light that the mean absolute error, as a loss function, is monotonically decreased to zero for both the training and validation datasets after 5000 epochs, and a high level of correlation is observed between the predicted and the experimentally measured values of the force time histories for all the datasets, more than 90%. It can be concluded that the maximum mean of the normalized error, obtained through Box-Whisker plot and Gaussian distribution of normalized error, associated with unseen data is about 10% and 3% for the fast and slow cyclic tests, respectively. In recapitulation, it brings to an end that the stacked Bi-CuDNNLSTM layer implemented in this study has a myriad of benefits in reducing the time and experimental costs for conducting new fast and slow cyclic tests in the future and results in a fast and accurate insight into hysteretic behavior of bridge piers. | ||
| Key Words | ||
| bridge piers; fast and slow cyclic tests; NVIDIA CuDNN library; predicted backbone curves; predicted force time histories; predicted hysteresis curves; stacked bidirectional LSTM | ||
| Address | ||
| Omid Yazdanpanah, Minwoo Chang, Minseok Park: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Myongji University, Yongin-si, Republic of Korea Yunbyeong Chae: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea | ||