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Structural Engineering and Mechanics Volume 78, Number 6, June25 2021 , pages 665-679 DOI: https://doi.org/10.12989/sem.2021.78.6.665 |
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An improved incompatible DSQ element using free formulation approach |
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Irwan Katili
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| Abstract | ||
| A formulation of a quadratic incompatible quadrilateral element, called DSQK, using a combination of free formulation approach, independent transverse shear strains, and discrete shear constraints, is described in this paper. This new element, which includes transverse shear effects and is valid for thin and thick plates, has 4 nodes and 3 DOFs per node (transverse displacement w and rotations x and y at the corner nodes). The couple between lower order and higher order bending energy is assumed to be zero in the DSQK element to fulfill the constant bending patch test. The independent transverse shear strain is expressed only by second derivatives of the rotations obtained from a unified and integrated kinematic relationship, constitutive law, and equilibrium equations. The validation based on individual element tests, patch tests, and convergence tests deliver good results for thin to thick plates of various geometries. | ||
| Key Words | ||
| incompatible finite element; DSQK; free formulation; independent transverse shear strain; discrete shear | ||
| Address | ||
| Irwan Katili: Civil Engineering Department, Universitas Indonesia, Depok 16424, Indonesia | ||