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Membrane Water Treatment Volume 6, Number 6, November 2015 , pages 477-488 DOI: https://doi.org/10.12989/mwt.2015.6.6.477 |
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Applicability of low pressure membranes for wastewater treatment with cost study analyses |
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Hisham A. Maddah and Aman M. Chogle
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| Abstract | ||
| This study demonstrates that low pressure membranes are the ideal choice for industrial and/or municipal wastewater treatment by showing some promising experimental results, understanding different membrane filtration models, studying the potential of membrane bioreactors (MBRs), considering ceramic membranes fabrication and illustrating the role of nanotechnology in membranes. Cost study calculations are included to determine the treatment cost as well as the initial cost of various membrane types. Results showed that integrated membranes are preferred over MBR in case of average capacities. However, higher capacity situations are the most economical choice for MBR. It is shown that the least treatment cost in MBR was about $0.13/m3. However, the $0.13/m3 is the theoretical cost which is very small compared to the actual average MBR treatment cost of $0.5/m3. | ||
| Key Words | ||
| MBR; treatment cost; membrane technology; RO; MF; UF; filtration model; nanoparticles; ceramic membrane fabrication; treatment experiments | ||
| Address | ||
| (1) Hisham A. Maddah: Department of Chemical Engineering, King Abdulaziz University - Rabigh Branch (KAU), Rabigh, Postal Code: 21911, PO Box 344, Saudi Arabia; (2) Hisham A. Maddah, Aman M. Chogle: Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Southern California (USC), 925 Bloom Walk, HED 216, Los Angeles, CA 90089-121, United States. | ||