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Geomechanics and Engineering Volume 42, Number 3, August10 2025 , pages 207-220 DOI: https://doi.org/10.12989/gae.2025.42.3.207 |
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Prediction and control measures of water inflow for subsea tunnels |
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Yunjuan Chen, Mengyue Liu, Zongqing Zhou, Mengzhen Su and Shangqu Sun
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| Abstract | ||
| Predicting water inflow and optimizing waterproofing-drainage systems are critical for subsea tunnel safety. This study addresses the limitations of static parameter-based models by proposing a dynamic analytical formula for water inflow prediction, integrating tunnel depth, hydraulic head, and lining permeability using complex variable functions and Darcy's law. Additionally, three-dimensional numerical simulations were conducted to evaluate the stability and pore water pressure distribution of the tunnel in land section, sea section, and land-sea transition section with fully encapsulated or half-encapsulated waterproofing-drainage schemes. Key findings include: the half-encapsulated system reduced lining deformation by 15-20% in the land section, offering a cost-effective solution; pore water pressure in the sea section remained below 0.5 MPa (excluding class IV/V zones), recommending a fully encapsulated system with pressure-relief valves; and elevated pore water pressure (up to 0.42 MPa) at the land-sea interface necessitated adaptive drainage measures. While the analytical formula and numerical simulations address distinct aspects of tunnel design (water inflow prediction and structural stability), their combined insights provide a holistic framework for optimizing subsea tunnel systems under dynamic hydraulic conditions. | ||
| Key Words | ||
| deformation; pore water pressure; subsea tunnel; water inflow; waterproofing and drainage solutions | ||
| Address | ||
| Yunjuan Chen: School of Civil Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250101, China; Key Laboratory of Building Structural Retrofitting and Underground Space Engineering, Ministry of Education, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250101, China Mengyue Liu and Zongqing Zhou: School of Qilu Transportation, Shandong University, Jinan 250002, China Mengzhen Su: School of Civil Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250101, China Shangqu Sun: College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Jinan 250002, China | ||