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Geomechanics and Engineering Volume 34, Number 5, September10 2023 , pages 481-489 DOI: https://doi.org/10.12989/gae.2023.34.5.481 |
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The drained deformation characteristics of sand subjected to lateral cyclic loading |
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Junhua Xiao, Jiapei Ma, Jianfeng Xue, Zhiyong Liu and Yingqi Bai
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| Abstract | ||
| Drained cyclic triaxial tests were conducted on a saturated sand to examine its deformation characteristics under either axial or lateral cyclic loading condition. To apply lateral cyclic loading, the cell pressure was cycled while maintaining a constant vertical stress. The strain accumulations and flow direction in the soil were presented and discussed considering various initial stress ratios (n0), cyclic stress amplitudes and cyclic stress paths. The results indicate that axial strain accumulation shows an exponential increase with the maximum stress ratio (nmax). The initial deviatoric stress has comparable effects with lateral cyclic stress amplitude on the accumulated axial strain. In contrast, the accumulated volumetric strain is directly proportional to the lateral cyclic stress amplitude but not much affected by n0 values. Due to the anisotropy of the soil, the accumulated axial and lateral bulging strains are greater in lateral cyclic loading when compared to axial cyclic loading even though nmax is the same. It is also found that nmax affects soil soil's lateral deformation and increasing the ratio could change the lateral deformation from contraction to bulging. The flow direction depends on nmax in the sand under lateral cyclic loading, regardless of n0 values and the cyclic stress amplitudes, and a large nmax could lead to great deviatoric strain but a little volumetric strain accumulation. | ||
| Key Words | ||
| lateral cyclic loading; saturated sand; strain accumulation; strain accumulation direction | ||
| Address | ||
| Junhua Xiao, Jiapei Ma, Zhiyong Liu and Yingqi Bai: Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rail Infrastructure Durability and System Safety, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, China; Key Laboratory of Road and Traffic Engineering of Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, China Jianfeng Xue: School of Engineering and Information Technology, University of New South Wales, Campbell, ACT, 2612, Australia | ||