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Geomechanics and Engineering Volume 31, Number 4, November25 2022 , pages 409-422 DOI: https://doi.org/10.12989/gae.2022.31.4.409 |
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Sustainable use of OPC-CSA blend for artificial cementation of sand: A dosage optimization study |
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Sathya Subramanian, Wei Zhong Tee, Juhyuk Moon and Taeseo Ku
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| Abstract | ||
| The use of calcium sulfoaluminate (CSA) cement as a rapid-hardening cement admixture or eco-friendly alternate for ordinary Portland cement (OPC) has been attempted over the years, but the cost of CSA cement and availability of suitable aluminium resource prevent its wide practical application. To propose an effective ground improvement design in sandy soil, this study aims at blending a certain percentage of CSA with OPC to find an optimum blend that would have fast-setting behavior with a lower carbon footprint than OPC without compromising the mechanical properties of the cemented sand. Compared to the 100% CSA case, initial speed of strength development of blended cement is relatively low as it is mixed with OPC. It is found that 80% OPC and 20% CSA blend has low initial strength but eventually produces equivalent ultimate strength (28 days curing) to that of CSA treated sand. The specific OPC-CSA blend (80:20) exhibits significantly higher strength gain than using pure OPC, thus allowing effective geotechnical designs for sustainable and controlled ground improvement. Further parametric studies were conducted for the blended cement under various curing conditions, cement contents, and curing times. Wet-cured cement treated sand had 33% lower strength than that of dry-cured samples, while the stiffness of wet-cured samples was 25% lower than that of dry-cured samples. | ||
| Key Words | ||
| blended cement; calcium sulfoaluminate; cement treated sand; ordinary Portland cement; small strain shear modulus | ||
| Address | ||
| Sathya Subramanian and Wei Zhong Tee: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, 1 Engineering Drive 2, Singapore 117576 Juhyuk Moon: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea Taeseo Ku: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, South Korea | ||