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Geomechanics and Engineering Volume 16, Number 2, October10 2018, pages 177-185 DOI: https://doi.org/10.12989/gae.2018.16.2.177 |
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Investigation of possible causes of sinkhole incident at the Zonguldak Coal Basin, Turkey |
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Melih Genis, Hakan Akcin, Omer Aydan and Gurkan Bacak
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| Abstract | ||
| The subsidence mechanism of ground surface is a complex phenomenon when multiple seam coal mining operations are carried out. Particularly, the coal mining beneath karstic formations causes a very special form of subsidence. The subsidence causes elasto-plastic deformation of the karstic layers and the collapse of cavities leads to dolinization and/or sinkhole formation. In this study, a sinkhole with a depth of 90 m and a width of 25 m formed in Gelik district within the coal-basin of Zonguldak (NW, Turkey) induced by multiple seam coal mining operations in the past has been presented as a case-history together with two-dimensional numerical simulations and InSAR monitoring. The computational results proved that the sinkhole was formed as a result of severe yielding in the close vicinity of the faults in contact with karstic formation due to multiple seam longwall mining at different levels. | ||
| Key Words | ||
| sinkhole, subsidence; karstic cave; underground coal mining | ||
| Address | ||
| Melih Genis:Department of Mining Engineering, Zonguldak Bülent Ecevit University, Zonguldak, Turkey Hakan Akcin: Department of Geomatics Engineering, Zonguldak Bülent Ecevit University, Zonguldak, Turkey Omer Aydan: Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Ryukyus University, Nishihara, Okinawa, Japan Gurkan Bacak: Department of Geological Engineering, Zonguldak Bülent Ecevit University, Zonguldak, Turkey | ||