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Earthquakes and Structures
  Volume 21, Number 5, November 2021 , pages 505-514
DOI: https://doi.org/10.12989/eas.2021.21.5.505
 


Cost and reliability of retrofit alternatives for schools located on seismic zones
David De León-Escobedo and Jose Luis Garcia-Manjarrez

 
Abstract
    A formulation based on structural reliability and cost effectiveness is proposed to provide recommendations to select the best retrofit strategy for schools with reinforced concrete frames and masonry walls, among three proposed alternatives. The cost calculation includes the retrofit cost and the expected costs of failure consequences. Also, the uncertainty of the seismic hazard is considered for each school site. The formulation identifies the potential failure modes, among shear and bending forces for beams, and flexure-compression forces for columns, for each school, and the seismic damages suffered by the schools after the earthquake of September 17, 2017 are taken into account to calibrate the damaged conditions per school. The school safety level is measured through its global failure probability, instead of only the local failure probability. The proposed retrofit alternatives are appraised in terms of the cost/benefit balance under future earthquakes, for the respective site seismic hazard, as opposed to the current practice of just restoring the structure original resistance. The best retrofit is the one that corresponds to the minimum value of the expected life cycle cost. The study, with further developments, may be used to develop general recommendations to retrofit schools located at seismic zones.
 
Key Words
    expected life-cycle cost; failure consequences; schools retrofitting; seismic hazard; structural reliability
 
Address
David De León-Escobedo:Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Estado de México, Toluca, México

Jose Luis Garcia-Manjarrez:Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Estado de México, Toluca, México
 

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