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Computers and Concrete Volume 34, Number 4, October 2024 , pages 489-501 DOI: https://doi.org/10.12989/cac.2024.34.4.489 |
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Investigation of physicochemical properties, sustainability and environmental evaluation of metakaolin- granulated blast furnace slag geopolymer concrete |
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Anas Driouich, Safae El Alami El Hassani, Zakia Zmirli, Slimane El Harfaoui, Nadhim Hamah Sor, Ayoub Aziz, Jong Wan Hu, Haytham F. Isleem, Hadee Mohammed Najm and Hassan Chaair
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| Abstract | ||
| Geopolymers are part of a class of materials characterized by properties combining polymers, ceramics, and cement. These include exceptionally high thermal and chemical stability, excellent mechanical strength and durability in aggressive environments. This work deals with the synthesis, characterization, and sustainability evaluation of GPGBFS-MK geopolymers by alkaline activation of a granulated blast furnace slag-metakaolin mixture. In the first step, elemental and oxide analyses by XRF and EDS showed that the main constituents of GPGBFS-MK geopolymers are silicon, sodium, and aluminium oxides. The structural analyses by XRD and FTIR confirmed that the geopolymerization for GPGBFS-MK geopolymers did occur, accompanied by the formation of disordered networks from the blends and a modification to the microstructure by the geopolymerization process. Similarly, the microstructural study made by SEM showed that the GPGBFS-MK geopolymers are constituted by aluminosilicates in the form of dense clusters on which are adsorbed particles of unreacted GBFS in the form of spheroids and white residues of the alkaline activating solution. In addition, the study of the sustainability evaluation of GPGBFS-MK geopolymers showed that the water absorption of geopolymeric materials is lower than that of OPC cement. As for the elevated temperature resistance, the analyses indicated an excellent elevated temperature resistance of GPGBFS-MK. In the same way, the study of the resistance to chemical aggressions showed that the GPGBFS-MK geopolymeric materials are unattackable, contrary to the OPC cement-based materials which are strongly altered. | ||
| Key Words | ||
| geopolymers; granulated blast furnace slag; metakaolin; physicochemical properties; sustainability | ||
| Address | ||
| Anas Driouich, Safae El Alami El Hassani, Slimane El Harfaoui and Hassan Chaair: Laboratory of Process Engineering and Environment, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University Hassan II 28806, Mohammedia, Morocco Zakia Zmirli: Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Process Engineering, Faculty of Sciences, University Ibn Tofail 242, Kenitra, Morocco Nadhim Hamah Sor: 1) Civil Engineering Department, University of Garmian, Kurdistan Region, Kalar 46021, Iraq, 2) Department of Civil Engineering, Harran University, Sanliurfa 63510, Turkey Ayoub Aziz: Geo-Biodiversity and Natural Patrimony Laboratory (GEOBIO), Scientific Institute, "Geophysics, Natural Patrimony and Green Chemistry" Research Center (GEOPAC), Mohammed V University in Rabat, Avenue Ibn Batouta, P.B. 703, 10106 Rabat-Agdal, Morocco Jong Wan Hu: 1) Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, South Korea, 2) Incheon Disaster Prevention Research Center, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, South Korea Haytham F. Isleem: Department of Construction Management, Qujing Normal University, Qujing 655011, Yunnan, China Hadee Mohammed Najm: Department of Civil Engineering, Zakir Husain Engineering College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India | ||