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Computers and Concrete Volume 34, Number 1, July 2024 , pages 79-91 DOI: https://doi.org/10.12989/cac.2024.34.1.079 |
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A novel framework for the construction of cryptographically secure S-boxes |
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Razi Arshad, Mudassir Jalil, Muzamal Hussain and Abdelouahed Tounsi
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| Abstract | ||
| In symmetric cryptography, a cryptographically secure Substitution-Box (S-Box) is a key component of a block cipher. S-Box adds a confusion layer in block ciphers that provide resistance against well-known attacks. The generation of a cryptographically secure S-Box depends upon its generation mechanism. In this paper, we propose a novel framework for the construction of cryptographically secure S-Boxes. This framework uses a combination of linear fractional transformation and permutation functions. S-Boxes security is analyzed against well-known security criteria that include nonlinearity, bijectiveness, strict avalanche and bits independence criteria, linear and differential approximation probability. The S-Boxes can be used in the encryption of any grayscale digital images. The encrypted images are analyzed against well-known image analysis criteria that include pixel changing rates, correlation, entropy, and average change of intensity. The analysis of the encrypted image shows that our image encryption scheme is secure. | ||
| Key Words | ||
| block cipher; image encryption; linear fractional transformation; permutation function; substitution-box | ||
| Address | ||
| Razi Arshad: Department of Computing, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan Mudassir Jalil: Department of Mathematics, Comsats University Islamabad, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan Muzamal Hussain: Department of Mathematics, University of Sahiwal, Sahiwal, 57000, Punjab, Pakistan Abdelouahed Tounsi: 1) YFL (Yonsei Frontier Lab), Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea, 2) Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, King Fahd University of Petroleumand Minerals, 31261 Dhahran, Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia | ||