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Advances in Materials Research Volume 15, Number 3, August 2026 (Special Issue) pages 259-270 📚 VSI DOI: https://doi.org/10.12989/amr.2026.15.3.04 |
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Interaction mechanism of decorated graphene oxide on the surface ion imprinted polymer for phosphate removal |
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Siti Khadijah Mohamad Ya, Adilah Anuar, Noorhidayah Ishak,
Abdelmnim Altwaiq, Siti Khalijah Mahmad Rozi, Mohd Azrie Awang
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| Abstract | ||
| Eutrophication happened due to excessive phosphate release from agricultural and industrial run off causing biodiversity deterioration and polluted the water. This research aims to develop a high-performance Graphene Oxide Ion Imprinted Polymer (GO-IIP) for the selective removal of phosphate in water solution. To overcome the high mass transfer resistance typical of conventional bulk polymerization, surface ion imprinted polymerization (SIIP) can offer significantly faster binding kinetics capacity and higher template accessibility which offering superior reusability. Meanwhile Graphene Oxide is added as supporting material in this SIIP to provide oxygen functional group allowing easy covalent modification and high surface area for imprinted to occur. Methodologies integrate a structured three-phase approach of computational screening, laboratory synthesis, and adsorption performance in aqueous solution. Initially, seven functional monomers allylthiourea (AT), acrylic acid (AA), acrylamide (AM), methacrylic acid (MAA), itaconic acid (ITA), 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (2-HEMA), and methyl methacrylate (MMA) were evaluated using HyperChem software to simulate energy interactions with the phosphate template. Results identified allylthiourea as the most effective monomer, exhibiting the strongest theoretical affinity with an interaction energy (ΔE) of -85.0508 kcal/mol and also in experimental test with highest value of imprinting factor 2.098. The synthesized GO-IIP are characterized using SEM, FTIR, and TGA to confirm successful grafting and thermal stability. | ||
| Key Words | ||
| allylthiourea; computational screening; graphene oxide; phosphate removal; surface ion imprinted polymer | ||
| Address | ||
| Siti Khadijah Mohamad Ya, Noorhidayah Ishak, Siti Khalijah Mahmad Rozi: Faculty of Chemical Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Malaysia Adilah Anuar: Faculty of Chemical Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Malaysia/ Centre of Excellence for Frontier Material Research, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, No. 64-66, Blok B, Taman Pertiwi Indah, Jalan Kangar - Alor Setar, Kampung Seriab, 01000 Kangar, Perlis Abdelmnim Altwaiq: Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Petra, P.O. Box 961343, Amman 11196, Jordan Mohd Azrie Awang: Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition,Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS,88400 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia | ||
