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Advances in Environmental Research Volume 4, Number 1, March 2015 , pages 39-48 DOI: https://doi.org/10.12989/aer.2015.4.1.039 |
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Bisphenol A and the related alkylphenol contaminants in crustaceans and their potential bioeffects |
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Yuegang Zuo, Zhuo Zhu, Mohammed Alshanqiti, Joseph Michael and Yiwei Deng
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| Abstract | ||
| Bisphenol A is widely used in plastic and other industrial consumer products. Release of bisphenol A and its analogues into the aquatic environment during manufacture, use and disposal has been a great scientific and public concern due to their toxicity and endocrine disrupting effects on aquatic wildlife and even human beings. More recent studies have shown that these alkylphenols may affect the molting processes and survival of crustacean species such as American lobster, crab and shrimp. In this study, we have developed gas chromatography with flame ionization detection (GC-FID) and gas chromatographymass spectrometric (GC-MS) methods for the determination of bisphenol A and its analogues in shrimp Macrobrachium rosenbergii, blue crab Callinectes sapidus and American lobster Homarus americanus samples. Bisphenol A, 2,4-bis-(dimethylbenzyl)phenol and 4-cumylphenol were found in shrimp in the concentration ranges of 0.67.5.51, 0.36.1.61, and < LOD (the limit of detection)-1.96 ng/g (wet weight), and in crab of 0.10-0.44, 0.13-0.62, and 0.26-0.58 ng/g (wet weight), respectively. In lobster tissue samples, bisphenol A, 2-t-butyl-4-(dimethylbenzyl)phenol, 2,6-bis-(t-butyl)-4-(dimethylbenzyl)phenol, 2,4-bis-(dimethybenzyl)phenol, 2,4-bis-(dimethylbenzyl)-6-t-butylphenol and 4-cumylphenol were determined at the concentration ranges of 4.48-7.01, 1.23-2.63, 2.71-9.10, 0.35-0.91, 0.64-3.25, and 0.44-1.00 ng/g (wet weight), respectively. At these concentration levels, BPA and its analogs may interfere the reproduction and development of crustaceans, such as larval survival, molting, metamorphosis and shell hardening. | ||
| Key Words | ||
| bisphenol A; alkylphenol; 4-cumylphenol; 2,4-bis-(dimethylbenzyl)phenol; 2-t-butyl-4-(dimethylbenzyl)phenol; gas chromatography-mass spectrometry; GC-FID; lobster, crab, shrimp | ||
| Address | ||
| (1) Yuegang Zuo, Zhuo Zhu, Mohammed Alshanqiti, Joseph Michael: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, University of Massachusetts Graduate School of Marine Sciences and Technology, 285 Old Westport Road, North Dartmouth, MA 02747, USA; (2) Yiwei Deng: Department of Natural Sciences, University of Michigan, Dearborn, MI 48128, USA. | ||
