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CONTENTS
Volume 19, Number 6, December 2025
 

Abstract
The present paper deals with the nonlinear vibration analysis in detail and makes a predictive model for the multi-curved panels that are reinforced with graphene oxide powder (GOP) nanocomposites. These panels are to be used in thermal environments subjected museum exhibitions. In the study, the Halpin-Tsai homogenization method is adopted to effectively model the materials of composites. The role of the mixture in the reinforcement mechanism is also being explored. The flexural behavior of the panels is taken care of by the parabolic shear deformation theory (PSDT), and the Von-Karman nonlinearity is applied to cover the conditions of large deformation effects. Relations for the panel are made that clearly take into account the temperature's effect on the material's mechanical response, thus the structural integrity is preserved in the varying thermal conditions of the museum, where typically the environments are hot and humid. The analytical framework is based on Hamilton's principle, and the governing equations are solved via the differential quadrature method (DQM) along with Chebyshev polynomial expansion; thus, the computational accuracy and efficiency are improved. The numerical simulation illustrates how the vibration characteristics are influenced by the GOP nanocomposite reinforcement, along with stiffness and damping properties being increased. The multi-curved panels, which consist of nanocomposite reinforcement of graphene oxide (GOP), can be a solution to the problem of vibration-induced damage in museum exhibitions as well, and they come with superior performance of endurance to the temperature fluctuations. Thus, the results disclose the way to the design of advanced materials for cultural heritage preservation, not only by bringing in mechanical robustness but ensuring environmental stability, too.

Key Words
nonlinear vibration analysis; predictive modeling; multi-curved panels; nanocomposites; thermal environment; graphene oxide powders

Address
Pengyu Cai, Kuan Zhang, Younghwan Pan: Department of Smart Experience Design, Graduate School of Technology Design, Kookmin University, Seoul, 02707, Republic of Korea

Abstract
The use of basic Supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) such as fly ash (FA) or silica fume (SF) due to their pozzolanic properties can change the fracture parameters and structure of the Interfacial Transition Zone (ITZ) between the aggregates and the paste. The combined use of SCMs in combination with very active fine particles of nanoadditives, such as nanosilica (NS), can also bring clear benefits in this regard. From above reasons this study investigated the effect of combined use FA, SF, and NS on the main fracture characteristics and width of microcracks (Wc) of concrete composites based on quaternary binder systems. For this purpose, a part of ordinary Portland cement (OPC) was replaced with FA+SF+NS in volume of 3 different percentages. The following composition of the new composites, based on quaternary binder systems, has been assumed: constant SF content, equal to 10%, and NS in the amount of 5%, whereas variable FA content, the amount of which was respectively: 0, 5 and 15%. The main experiment in this research was three-point bending tests that were performed on notched beams. Fracture toughness was determined using critical stress intensity factor K_"Ic" ^S. In addition, the manuscript contains analyses of Wc occurring in the ITZ area of concretes reinforced NS. On the basis of the obtained test results it can be concluded that the proposed modification of the binder composition in the analyzed materials clearly leads to: homogenization of the composite structure, increasing their fracture toughness, and limitation of initial internal microcracks in concrete.

Key Words
concrete composites based on quaternary binder systems; fly ash; fracture toughness; interfacial microcrack; nanosilica; silica fume

Address
Grzegorz Ludwik Golewski: Department of Structural Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Lublin University of Technology, Nadbystrzycka 40 str., 20-618, Lublin, Poland

Abstract
This study explores the use of silver nanoparticles to enhance the durability, moisture resistance, and acoustic performance of walnut wood (Juglans regia), a key material in making musical instruments. Wood's natural sensitivity to environmental changes, like humidity and temperature, affects its structural integrity and sound quality. To address these issues, walnut wood samples were treated with AgNO3 nanoparticles at concentrations of 10%, 15%, and 20% through vacuum impregnation. Advanced analysis methods, such as SEM, TEM, EDX, FTIR, and XRD, verified the even distribution and integration of AgNPs, while TGA analysis showed improved thermal stability, delaying degradation above 150

Key Words
acoustic properties; eco-friendly nanotechnology; moisture resistance; thermal stability; musical instruments; silver nanoparticles; walnut wood; wood preservation

Address
Xiange Huang: College of Arts, Yango University, Fuzhou 350015, Fujian, China

Mostafa Habibi: Jiangxi Vocational Technical College of Industry & Trade, Nanchang 330038, Jiangxi, China/ Department of Biomaterials, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, India

Guolin Tu: School of Education and Foreign Languages, Wuhan Donghu College, Wuhan 430212, Hubei, China

Touba Zolfaghari: Department of Chemistry, Basic of Sciences Faculty, Ilam University, 69315-516 Ilam, Iran

Abstract
This research delves into the energy absorption properties of a sport tool when subjected to intricate circumstances. To model the displacement fields of the sport tool accurately, the scientists employed an advanced higher-order shear deformation theory. Analyzing vast amounts of data, encompassing factors like volume, variety, and velocity, posed sampling challenges. Nevertheless, this study successfully surmounted these obstacles to conduct a comprehensive analysis. The findings highlight the significance of specific parameters in effectively controlling energy in sports, as unveiled through the meticulous analysis of extensive data. This study represents the pioneering effort to investigate energy management in sports through the application of big data analysis.

Key Words
big data analysis; energy; hockey stick; machine learning; nanocomposite reinforced; sport system

Address
Lian Xiao: College of Physical Education, Hunan First Normal University, Changsha 410000, Hunan, China/ College of Physical Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410000, Hunan, China

Zhe Huang: College of Physical Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410000, Hunan, China

Zhenzhen Wang: Physical Education Group, Changsha No. 1 Middle School, Changsha 410000, Hunan, China

Mostafa Habibi: Department of Biomaterials, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, 600077, India/ Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Haliç University, Istanbul, Turkey

Blgacem Buallegue and Jun Gao: Department of Computer Engineering, Khalid University, ABHA, Saudi Arabia

Abstract
This study explores the use of silicene as a nanoadditive in cementitious composites, focusing on its impacts on mechanical properties and microstructure. Synthesized 2D silicene was characterized using HRTEM, FTIR, and XRD techniques. To assess the mechanical performance, varying amounts of silicene (0–5 wt%) were incorporated to cement and flexural and compressive strengths were tested at 7 and 28 days. Microstructural modifications in cement paste were analyzed using SEM, 3D topographical mapping, and image processing. At 2% silicene, the increased C-S-H densification and the refined morphology were confirmed by higher pixel correlation, smoother surface topology, and enhanced statistical image analysis metrics. Mechanical results indicated that incorporating 1–2% silicene provided the optimum content, enhancing 28-day compressive and flexural strengths by up to 6.4% and 23.6%, respectively. Therefore, the results present the potential use of silicene for the first time as a novel nanoadditive for cementitious composites with experimental evidence showing improvements in both strength and microstructure, and are expected to contribute to the expanding body of literature on the use of nanomaterials in cement-based composites.

Key Words
cementitious composites; mechanical strength; microstructure; nanocomposites; silicene

Address
Ayda Ş. Ağar Özbek: Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering, İstanbul Technical University, İstanbul, Turkey

Işil Sanri Karapinar and Ayşe E. Özsoy Özbay: Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Maltepe University, İstanbul, Turkey

Selcan Karakuş: Department of Chemistry, İstanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Faculty of Engineering, İstanbul, Turkey

Nevin Taşaltin: Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Maltepe University, İstanbul, Turkey

Abstract
It is a dynamic behavior of nano-enhanced annular protective layers that are based on a visco-Pasternak-based fractional foundation, which is computationally examined in an attempt to enhance vibration mitigation and durability of museum objects. This paper discusses the synergistic effect of the nanoscale size effects, surface elasticity, foundation damping, and geometric attributes on the dynamic behavior of the protective layers. Differential Quadrature (DQ) method is used to solve the governing equations which allows effective numerical calculation of dynamic deflection and frequency response. Findings indicate that size-dependent material behavior complements the effective stiffness of the nano-layers and changes the vibration amplitudes due to intrinsic effects of length scale, and surface stresses add to further reduction of dynamic deflections, especially in ultra-thin coating. The parameters of viscoelastic foundation particularly damping and shear stiffness are great in dissipation of energy and damping of vibration during dynamic excitations. It is found in parametric analyses that there are strong interactions between geometry, nanoscale mechanics, and support conditions, and key mechanisms that facilitate structural stability and vibration control. The results are useful in the design of light-weight non-intrusive and vibration-resistant nano-engineered protective layers to conserve delicate museum artifacts.

Key Words
computational modeling; museum artifact preservation; nano-enhanced materials; protective layers; vibration control

Address
Shuo Wang: Holographic Arts Center, Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication, No.1 Xinghua Street, Daxing District, Beijing, China, 102600

Zhan Xu: School of Textiles and Design, Heriot-Watt University, Nether Rd, Galashiels TD1 3HF, UK



Abstract
The ongoing pursuit of performance enhancement and athlete safety in sports demands continuous innovation in equipment design. Modern sports gear, from bicycle frames to protective helmets, increasingly relies on advanced composite materials that are both lightweight and exceptionally strong. Understanding the mechanical stability, particularly the buckling behavior, of these materials at micro and nano scales is critical for developing the next generation of sports technology. This study investigates the buckling stability of functionally graded steel-concrete structures, which offer a unique combination of strength and durability, at these small scales. We develop a comprehensive theoretical framework by integrating the nonlocal strain gradient theory to capture size-dependent effects with the energy conservation method to derive the governing equations. The resulting equations are solved numerically using the general differential quadrature method to ensure high accuracy. To further advance the predictive capabilities for practical design applications, we employ an Artificial Neural Network model, trained on our numerical results, to forecast buckling responses rapidly. The findings demonstrate a significant synergy between computational mechanics and machine learning, providing a powerful toolset for the analysis and design of high-performance, reliable sports equipment. This research offers a pathway to creating safer and more efficient sporting goods through targeted material engineering and intelligent prediction models.

Key Words
advanced composites; artificial neural networks; buckling analysis; functionally graded materials; nanoscale structures; protective equipment; sports engineering; stability prediction

Address
Lin Hu: Department of Physical Education, Donghua University, Shanghai 200051, China

Dijun Shen: Department of Physical Education, Shanghai Lixin University Accounting and Finance, Shanghai 201603, China

Mostafa Habibi: Department of Biomaterials, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, India/ Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Haliç University, Istanbul, Turkey

Zhem Bai: Institute of Sciences and Design of AL-Kharj, Dubai, United Arab Emirates

Abstract
Modern sports equipment must balance performance enhancement with structural reliability, especially as designs push toward lighter, stronger materials at microscopic scales. This research addresses a critical challenge in sports engineering: predicting how advanced materials behave under intense athletic demands before physical prototypes are built. We develop an innovative approach that combines artificial intelligence with fundamental physics to model the stability of nonuniform composite structures commonly used in high-performance gear. Our method learns from real-world performance data and material behavior to forecast potential failure points in equipment like bicycle frames, tennis rackets, and running prosthetics. By analyzing how microscopic material variations affect overall stability during dynamic movements such as sprinting, jumping, or rapid direction changes, our framework provides designers with actionable insights to optimize equipment safety and performance. Testing across multiple sports applications demonstrates our model's ability to reduce development time while increasing equipment durability by anticipating structural weaknesses that traditional methods often miss. This work bridges advanced computational techniques with practical sports engineering needs, offering manufacturers a powerful tool to create equipment that enhances athlete confidence and competitive outcomes through scientifically validated design improvements.

Key Words
advanced composite materials; artificial intelligence; athletic performance; computational design; optimization; sports equipment; structural stability prediction

Address
Lin Hu: Department of Physical Education, Donghua University, Shanghai 200051, China

Di Lu: School of Physical Education and Health, Shanghai Lixin University of Accounting and Finance, Shanghai 201603, China

Mostafa Habibi: Department of Biomaterials, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, India/ Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Haliç University, Istanbul, Turkey

Wi Liu: Institute of Sciences and Design of AL-Kharj, Dubai, United Arab Emirates

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