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CONTENTS
Volume 19, Number 5, November 2025
 

Abstract
. In this study, the effects of Ag-doped silicon carbide nanoparticles on improving lubricating properties and reducing wear rates in racing automotive gears were investigated. At high temperatures and pressures, SiC@Ag nanoparticles enable the creation of a strong and durable lubricating layer by combining the lubricating properties of silver metal with the high hardness of silicon carbide. Using SiC@Ag nanoparticles until the optimal concentration is reached dramatically reduces the wear rate and friction coefficient, according to tests conducted on steel gears using nano-oils containing different concentrations of these nanoparticles under various loading and speed conditions. The formation of a thin, uniform lubricating layer with anti-stick properties was further confirmed by surface analysis of the samples. These findings demonstrate that adding SiC@Ag nanoparticles as a novel additive is an effective approach to enhance the efficiency and durability of power transmission systems in sports and automotive applications.

Key Words
friction reduction; nano-oils; nanolubricants; racing automotive gears; SiC@Ag nanoparticles; surface analysis

Address
Yu Dong: College of Ministry of Sports, Wuhan Donghu College, Wuhan 430212, Hubei, China

Zhanqing Wang: College of Ministry of Sports, Hubei University of Technology Engineering and Technology College, Wuhan 430000, Hubei, China

Junchun Ding: College of Engineering and Computer Science, Syracuse University, 13201, Syracuse, NY, United States

Mostafa Habibi: Department of Biomaterials, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, India/ Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Haliç University, Istanbul, Turkey

Yang Li: Institute Sciences and Design of AL-Kharj, Dubai, United Arab Emirates

Abstract
The characterization of wave dispersion behavior can be helpful to predict the mechanical behavior of nanoscale structures, which can be used in nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMs). NEMs is a rapidly growing field that has seen multiple applications (e.g. sensors, actuators) in various areas such as electronics and healthcare. In this paper, wave dispersion response of fluid-conveying triple-walled boron nitride nanotubes (TWBNNTs) lying on viscoelastic medium under multi-physical fields is examined based on nonlocal strain gradient theory (NSGT). The TWBNNTs is modeled on the basis of the classic cylinder shell theory. The small-size impacts are considered by employing the NSGT. The governing equations are developed applying Hamilton's principle. The obtained results of present research are validated with available investigation in the literature. A comparison with the benchmark curves shows near one-to-one agreement of the nonlocal predictions in the low-k regime, with the local model underestimating the nondimensional frequency as wave number increases. The influences of different parameters like geometry, Knudsen number, viscoelastic medium, fluid velocity, multi-physical fields on the propagated waves in the studying structures are evaluated comprehensively.

Key Words
classical shell theory; fluid-conveying structure; nonlocal strain gradient theory; triple-walled boron nitride nanotubes; wave dispersion characteristics

Address
Farzad Ebrahimi: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran

Marzieh Dehghan: Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia

Ali Seyfi: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran

Abstract
The structural performance of concrete skew panels is a vital parameter in civil engineering, especially in complex loading conditions. In this paper, a new approach is presented to improve the performance of skew cylindrical concrete panels by the use of nanocomposite reinforcement. In particular, the study evaluates functionally graded graphene oxide reinforced concrete (FG-GOPRC) as the reinforcement option of skew panels, utilizing this nanocomposite's mechanical properties under a variety of loading cases. The reinforcement will take on the Halpin-Tsai homogenization method of modelling to provide an accurate prediction of effective properties of the composite based on volume fraction and geometrical configuration of the nanomaterial in the concrete matrix. In order to derive the governing equations for both the bending and vibration analysis of the skew panels, a variational version of Hamilton's principle alongside the first order shear deformation theory (FSDT) is utilized. The Chebyshev-type Ritz technique is then employed to simply, yet accurately solve the governing equations. This allows for a comprehensive investigation on the influences of nanocomposite reinforcement on the concrete skew panels vibration characteristics. The results indicate that the FG-GOPRC nanocomposites produce a substantial increase in load capacity and durability when compared to conventional reinforcement types. These results have implications in the design and optimization of concrete panels for engineering purposes, especially when dealing with critical infrastructure under dynamic and static loading conditions. This study advances the field of nanoresearch in structural engineering, and suggests an effective and efficient method for concrete skew panels.

Key Words
Chebyshev-type Ritz method; concrete skew panels; Halpin-Tsai method; nanocomposite reinforcement; vibration characteristics

Address
Fangbao Li: Guangzhou Metro Design & Research Institute Co., Ltd. Guangzhou 510000, China

Yinghao Zhao: School of Future Transportation, Guangzhou Maritime University, Guangzhou 510725, China

Bashar Tarawneh: Hourani Center for Applied Scientific Research, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman, Jordan/ Faculty of Engineering, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan

Mohammed A. El-Meligy: Advanced Manufacturing Institute, King Saud University, P.O. Box 800, 11421, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

Mohamed Sharaf: Department of Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh 12372, Saudi Arabia


Abstract
This research develops and evaluates ultra-high performance geopolymer mortar (UHPGM) incorporating micro-activators and municipal solid waste incineration fly ash (MFA) as a sustainable supplementary cementitious material under thermal curing (60°C for 48 h). The study aims to enhance mechanical performance, durability, and eco-efficiency by optimizing binder composition and curing conditions. Five mix designs containing varying proportions of silica fume (SF), metakaolin (MK), and MFA were tested for workability, density, compressive strength, drying shrinkage, capillary water absorption, and elastic modulus. Microstructural and mineralogical analyses were conducted using SEM/EDS, XRD, and TGA/DTG to elucidate hydration and gel formation mechanisms. Results revealed that MFA improved workability by 36.1% owing to its low water absorption and fine particle morphology. All UHPGM mixes achieved compressive strengths above 100 MPa, with the SF-rich mix reaching 134.5 MPa. Ternary blends containing MFA and MK demonstrated a favorable balance of strength, density, and dimensional stability. SF significantly reduced drying shrinkage (by ~24%) and capillary absorption, forming dense C-(A)-S-H and (C,N)-A-S-H gels that enhanced microstructural compactness. Thermal curing promoted calcite formation and secondary hydration, reducing porosity and strengthening interfacial bonding. The findings highlight MFA's potential as a low-cost, eco-friendly alternative in producing sustainable UHPGC, capable of delivering high mechanical performance and durability while supporting waste valorization and carbon reduction goals in modern construction materials.

Key Words
capillary water absorption; municipal solid waste incineration fly ash (MFA); scanning electron microscopy (SEM); shrinkage; sustainability; ultra-high performance geopolymer composite (UHPGC)

Address
Ahmed Babeker Elhag: Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, PO Box 394, Abha 61411 Saudi Arabia/ Center for Engineering and Technology Innovations, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia

Nejib Ghazouani: Mining Research Center, Northern Border university, Arar, 73213, Saudi Arabia

Zeeshan Ahmad: Department of Civil Engineering, QCET, 57000, Pakistan

Abstract
Hydrogen, as a clean and efficient energy carrier, has gained significant attention for its potential in addressing global energy challenges. Efficient and safe storage is a critical aspect of harnessing hydrogen as an energy source, and various materials and mechanisms have been developed to optimise this process. The review begins by elucidating the fundamental mechanisms governing hydrogen storage in materials, encompassing physical adsorption, chemical bonding, and hybrid storage mechanisms. Subsequently, it delves into an extensive examination of different types of hydrogen storage materials, including metal hydrides, porous materials, chemical hydrides, and liquid hydrogen carriers. Each type is scrutinised for its unique properties, advantages, and limitations in hydrogen storage applications. Additionally, the review focused on newly developed materials and possible utilisation for efficient hydrogen storage for future applications. Finally, the review highlights the prospective challenges of computational modelling of those materials before their real-time applications.

Key Words
adsorption; hydrogen; machine learning; sorption; storage materials

Address
Sriharsha Mishra,Ashish Kumar Meher and Subrata Kumar Panda: Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha, 769008, India

Naveen Kumar Akkasali: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Siddhartha Institute of Technology & Sciences, Narapally Village, Hyderabad 500088, India

Kulmani Mehar: Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology (Institute of Eminence, Deemed to Be University), Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India

Nitin Sharma: School of Mechanical Engineering, KIIT Bhubaneswar (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar 751024, Odisha, India


Abstract
This paper presents a new mash-up of art design, virtual reality (VR) and artificial intelligence (AI) to create a simulation and an illustration of the nano-coating materials which are destined to cover the buildings and humans in the era of hazardous radiations. The paper introduces a multi-layered artificial intelligence-based simulation platform that is capable of predicting the optical, thermal and shielding properties of state-of-the-art nano-coatings and the mapping of aesthetic and ergonomics design principles to create coordinated corporate aesthetic images of organizations (working in high-radiation conditions) namely the nuclear, aerospace and medical sectors. The score of the prediction of the hybrid AI model designed as a combination of the deep learning and finite element design was 97.6 percent of the prediction of the coating reflectivity and 95.2 percent of the radiation absorption efficiency to the experiment outcomes. The VR environment made it possible to visualize the nano-layers response to the different intensity of radiations in real-time, which not only reduced the time taken to run a simulation to prototype by 62%. The artistic design cues also enabled the user to be more conscious of the environment and interact with it better by 43 percent as measured by responses of the user-interface. According to the findings, the designed framework positively influences the functionality work and safety visualization, besides the possibility to develop the visually consistent, AI-optimized corporate identity of the industries that operate with the radiation exposure. The collusion of the AI-enhanced nano-engineering and visualization aesthetics thus presents a novel notion of the sustainable, intelligent, and expressive design incorporation in the high-tech industrialized environments.

Key Words
artificial intelligence (AI); corporate visual identity; nanotechnology; radiation protection design; virtual reality (VR)

Address
Lyu Liang: School of fine arts and design, ChangJi University, Changji, China, 831100

Li Lei: School of Fine Arts, Shanxi University, Shanxi, China, 030006

Abstract
In this study, static analysis of variable cross-section embedded beams at micro scales is performed. It is considered that the microbeam is lying on Winkler foundation. Fundamental equations are obtained with the help of Euler-Bernoulli beam and modified couple stress theories. Four cases for the cross-section of cantilever microbeams as uniform, single tapered with variable width and constant height, single tapered with constant width and variable height, and double tapered with variable width and height are investigated. Displacements of embedded cantilever microbeams are obtained by Rayleigh-Ritz method for various taper ratios. The effects of small-scale parameter, Winkler parameter, tapering case, and taper ratio on displacements are examined in detail. It is found that the microstructure effect and tapering cases may play important roles in the displacements of microbeams.

Key Words
modified couple stress theory; Rayleigh-Ritz method; size effect; tapered microbeam; Winkler foundation model

Address
Levent Turan and Bekir Akgöz: Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Akdeniz University, 07070, Antalya, Türkiye

Abstract
This study explores the behavior of auxetic microrods—unusual structures that expand sideways when stretched—under torsional vibration. We examined triangular and elliptical forms using nonlocal strain gradient theory to capture the subtle effects that appear at very small scales. The analysis shows that shape, orientation, and boundary support all play a decisive role in how these rods respond. Although the work is grounded in mechanics, the findings translate readily into sports applications. Shin guards, for instance, face repeated, high-energy impacts where comfort and protection often pull in opposite directions. Traditional foams and plastics tend to pass sharp vibrations into the leg or wear out quickly. Auxetic microrods, by contrast, can spread the force of a strike, soften the shock, and extend the life of the gear—all without adding bulk. Incorporating these microscale structures could give athletes shin guards that are lighter, tougher, and more comfortable, marking a clear step toward smarter protective equipment.

Key Words
analytical method; auxetic microrod; elliptical cross-section; NSGT; shin guard

Address
Chao Pan: Hunan Mass Media Vocational and Technical College, Changsha 410100, Hunan, China

Mostafa Habibi: Department of Biomaterials, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, India/ Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Haliç University, Istanbul, Turkey


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