Techno Press
Tp_Editing System.E (TES.E)
Login Search
You logged in as...

eas
 
CONTENTS
Volume 30, Number 1, January 2026
 

Abstract
This study assessed the seismic performance of four newly designed reinforced concrete (RC) frame buildings with identical layouts and varying heights (3, 5, 7, and 10 storeys) using the nonlinear pushover analysis method. The buildings were modelled in SAP2000 in accordance with the Turkish Building Earthquake Code 2018 (TBEC-2018), accounting for the seismic conditions in Elaziğ, Turkey. Plastic hinge properties were specified as user-defined components based on moment-curvature relationships generated from XTRACT software. Analysis results demonstrated that plastic hinges began to form at the beam ends in the lower storeys, then spread towards the upper storeys, and that the lower-storey columns began to yield. The beams sustained more damage than the columns, which is consistent with the designed ductile behaviour mechanism, in which beams are intentionally detailed to form plastic hinges before columns. This result confirmed the suitability of the plastic hinge modeling approach for ductile structural systems, consistent with the modeling assumptions and performance-based evaluation framework adopted in TBEC-2018. All buildings satisfied the Controlled Damage performance level defined in TBEC-2018.

Key Words
performance analysis; pushover analysis; reinforced-concrete frame structure

Address
Department of Civil Engineering, Firat University, Elaziğ, Türkiye

Abstract
It is essential important to ensure the seismic safety of the airport traffic control (ATC) tower equipment. To provide dynamic parameter for simplified calculation of earthquake action of equipment, the floor acceleration amplification factor (FAA) along the height of the tower is analyzed. Meanwhile, floor response spectrum (FRS) of the tower equipment under frequent, fortification and rare earthquake action are established respectively, and the influence of the equipment's floor height on the FRS is investigated. By comparing the dynamic amplification factor spectrum between existing codes and tower equipment, a multi-segment target spectrum of the ATC tower equipment is proposed. Finally, a general dynamic amplification factor spectrum of the tower equipment is established by using genetic algorithm to optimize multi-segment target spectrum. The results indicate the distribution of the tower FAA is an S-shaped variation with increasing height of ATC tower. For the lower and middle floors, the FAA values align with those specified in Eurocode 8, while the upper floors are consistent with the Chinese GB 50011-2010 standard. The structure has a filtering effect on the frequency of earthquake waves, and the frequency of floor waves gradually approaches the natural frequency of the structure. The FRS of the tower has two peak values near the first and third periods of the structure, and the peak value of FRS at the first period under rare earthquake can reach 3 to 4 times that under frequent earthquake. The FRS in the upper functional areas increase with height, with a peak increase of approximately 10% between adjacent floors. The general dynamic amplification factor spectrum derived via the genetic algorithm closely matches the tower's dynamic amplification factor spectrum, particularly at peak points and in the descending segments, and the difference at the first and third-period points under frequent earthquake are 5% and 11%, respectively.

Key Words
ATC tower equipment; floor acceleration amplification factor; floor response spectrum; general dynamic amplification factor spectrum; genetic algorithm

Address
Xin Huang, Ruo-yu Zhang, Kun Wu, Yu Chen: School of Transportation Science and Engineering, Civil Aviation University of China, Tianjin 300300, China
Yang Lyu: Tianjin Key Laboratory of Civil Structure Protection and Reinforcement, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China

Abstract
To investigate the influence of viscous dampers on the seismic response and seismic mitigation effects of high and low tower cable-stayed bridges under spatial effect seismic motions, this study takes the Poyang Lake Bridge as the research object. Using the finite element analysis software Midas Civil, a dynamic analysis model of the entire bridge was established, and non-uniform seismic excitation was applied using the large mass method. By comparing the seismic response of the high and low cable-stayed bridge under non-uniform excitation with different viscous damper parameters, this study explores the seismic response and seismic mitigation effects of high and low tower cable-stayed bridges under various spatial effect seismic motions when viscous dampers are employed. The results indicate: In the consideration of coherent effect ground vibration, the consideration of coherent effect and site effect ground vibration and the comprehensive consideration of coherent effect, site effect and traveling wave effect ground vibration, the viscous damper can be set to equalize the distribution of internal force of the bridge, and when the damping index is 0.3, the damping coefficient is in the range of 4,000 kN/(m/s)a-6,000 kN/(m/s)a viscous damper can effectively control the seismic response of the bridge.

Key Words
high and low cable-stayed bridge; large mass method; seismic response; spatial effect seismic motions; viscous damper

Address
College of Environment & Civil Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, 610059, China

Abstract
In reinforced concrete (RC) structures, steel corrosion induces splitting cracking in concrete cover, resulting in bond loss between reinforcing bars and concrete. However, unlike the flexural and shear performance of corroded RC members, seismic response of RC members damaged by corrosion has not yet been investigated in detail. This study numerically investigated the seismic performance of corroded RC columns using OpenSees. To this end, quasi-static cyclic loading test results of RC column specimens with and without corrosion damage were collected from literature, and macro analytical model was generated including strain penetration effect. The macro analytical model well-traced the degradations of ultimate capacity and deformation capability due to corrosion. Based on the validated macro analytical model, parametric analysis was conducted with corrosion degree (ns) and axial load ratio (n) as key variables, and the hysteresis response, crack pattern, strength degradation, ductility, and energy dissipation according to ns and n were analyzed and discussed comprehensively. The parametric analysis results showed that maximum strength and the strength at 5% drift are decreased monotonically with corrosion degree, and that the axial load ratio provided a marginal maximum strength enhancement at very low corrosion degree. In addition, once corrosion degree exceeded 4%, additional axial load is no longer translated into lateral load carrying capacity.

Key Words
bond degradation; corrosion; cyclic response; reinforced concrete; seismic performance

Address
Dong-Hyeon Shin, Yeong-Chae Eum, Seong-Hun Kang: Department of Architectural Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
Yeongchan Park, Sun-Jin Han: Department of Architectural Engineering, Jeonju University, Jeonju 55069, Korea

Abstract
Determining the dynamic response characteristics of earth fissure sites is crucial for disaster prevention and mitigation. However, systematic comparisons of dynamic amplification effects among various genesis fissure sites remain scarce, limiting the development of targeted seismic fortification strategies. This study investigates typical tectonic, seismic, and bedrock buried hill-type earth fissures from the Hebei Plain and Su-Xi-Chang region in China. Based on microtremor tests at 12 representative fissures (comprising 180 measurement points) and Hilbert-Huang transform analysis, we systematically characterized and compared the dynamic amplification effects of different fissure types. Results demonstrate that all fissure types significantly amplify the dynamic response of sites, but with notable differences in amplification magnitude, decay rate, and influence range. The hanging sides of tectonic fissures exhibit the highest amplification factors proximal to the fissures, showing the most pronounced "hanging side effect," which is present but less prominent in seismic and bedrock hill-type sites. The amplification effect of bedrock hill earth fissures influences the widest area (~20 m on both sides), approximately double the range of tectonic and seismic fissures. Based on amplification factor thresholds, we classified influence zones into high (amplification factor greater than 1.5), medium (1.1 to 1.5), and low (less than 1.1) hazard zones. Corresponding seismic fortification measures are recommended, including increasing the design basis seismic acceleration by 2.0 and 1.5 times for structures in high and medium hazard zones, respectively. This study provides the first systematic comparison of dynamic response characteristics across different genesis earth fissures, offering a scientific basis for the seismic fortification of similar sites.

Key Words
dynamic response; earth fissure; microtremor; spectrum analysis

Address
Ge Cao: 1) Exploration and Development Research Institute, PetroChina Changqing Oilfield Company, Xi'an 710018, China, 2) National Engineering Laboratory for Exploration and Development of Low-Permeability Oil & Gas Fields, Xi'an 710018, China
Yahong Deng: 1) School of Geological Engineering and Geomatics, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, China, 2) Key Laboratory of Mine Geological Hazards Mechanism and Control, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xi'an 710054, China
Huandong Mu: Institute of Geotechnical Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, China
Jiang Chang: China Railway First Survey and Design Institute Group Co., Ltd., Xi'an 710043, China
You Xuan, Dexin Niu: School of Geological Engineering and Geomatics, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, China

Abstract
In the last decades, the seismic resilience assessment has increasingly interested stakeholders in the field of disaster risk reduction. Several approaches have been suggested to assess and improve community resilience to disasters; however, the quantification of the structures and infrastructures resilience remains insufficient. In this paper, the capacity of buildings to continue functioning after an earthquake was assessed. This resilience was determined in terms of economic losses and in terms of recovery time to return to the functionality situation of the building before the disaster. The damage level was used as the first indicator for calculating the seismic resilience index. The damage level was derived from empirical fragility curves for the different buildings typologies existing in Algeria. The economic loss factor was determined according to the damage levels caused to the structures. Subsequently, medium building functionality curves were developed, for five damping levels: strong, good, medium, weak and poor. These functionality curves will allow us to better understand the time needed for damaged structures to return to initial situation. The developed method was applied to the Blida city, which is located in a high seismic zone according to Algerian seismic regulations RPA 2024. Three buildings typologies masonry, reinforced concrete and steel were considered for a total number of 42,963 structures. For this purpose, a database was developed and incorporated into the geographic information system (GIS) tool and simulate the seismic resilience buildings. According to the results found, the old districts of the Blida city, in which buildings have a poor damper to disaster, will take much time to back to the total functionality. The other districts built later, after the application of the first Algerian seismic regulations in 1981 will have respectively weak to good functionality.

Key Words
building; functionality; resilience; risk; scenario; vulnerability

Address
Centre National de Recherche Appliquée en Génie Parasismique (CGS), 1Rue Kaddour Rahim Prolongée Bp 252, Hussein Dey, Algeria

Techno-Press: Publishers of international journals and conference proceedings.       Copyright © 2026 Techno-Press ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
P.O. Box 33, Yuseong, Daejeon 34186 Korea.
General Inquiries: info@techno-press.com / Journal Administration: admin@techno-press.com