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CONTENTS
Volume 29, Number 1, July 2025
 

Abstract
The research group proposed a prefabricated joint with a double L-shaped stiffener (DLS joint) for light steel composite frame structures. The DLS joint boasts simplicity in construction, allowing for quick connection of prefabricated beams and columns through bolts. To investigate the seismic performance of the DLS joint, experimental research and numerical simulations were conducted. Based on the accuracy of the numerical model, the effects of stiffener thickness, stiffener height, vertical plate and horizontal plate thickness of the L-shaped connecting plate, and bolt pre-tightening force on the seismic performance of the DLS joint were studied. The results demonstrate that the DLS joint exhibits good seismic performance. Increasing stiffener thickness, stiffener height, vertical plate, and horizontal plate thickness enhances the flexural capacity and flexural stiffness of the DLS joint. Stiffener height notably influences the mechanical performance of the joint, whereas the pre-tightening force of bolts has minimal impact. Different parameters should be designed and matched reasonably according to construction convenience, economy, and the mechanical performance of beam and column members.

Key Words
double L-shaped stiffener; numerical simulation; parameter analysis; prefabricated joint; seismic performance

Address
Bian Jinliang and Chen Zhihua: 1) School of Civil Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China, 2) Tianjin Key Laboratory of Civil Structure Protection and Reinforcement, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China
Liu Shiyi and Yang Xinlei: School of Civil Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
Liu Qingshan: 1) China Construction Sixth Division Construction & Development Co., Ltd, Tianjin 300450, China, 2) China Construction Sixth Engineering Bureau Co., Ltd, Tianjin 300012, China
Li Yikang: China Construction Sixth Engineering Bureau Co., Ltd, Tianjin 300012, China

Abstract
Recently, the concept of Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) is simplified using output-only structural analysis with the help of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). However, due to harsh environment and low power sensor nodes, data losses are a matter of concern in WSNs. To efficiently tackle these data losses, Compressive Sensing (CS) based recovery techniques have become popular for SHM. The main advantage of CS technique is that it transfers the computational load to the receiver (Base station) and saves a lot of transmitter power. However, reconstruction algorithms implemented at the receiver are computationally complex. In this paper, a comparison of existing popular reconstruction algorithms is performed. It is found that using Fixed Point Continuation with Active Set (FPC_AS) method is showing good performance for SHM applications. This algorithm is a modified version of l1 norm based optimization technique where extra knowledge of the signal is used for faster reconstruction. Along with simulation results, performance analysis using hardware (sensor node) deployed on a real bridge is also presented. It is observed that using FPC_AS algorithm, faster reconstruction of the signal is achieved with the reconstruction quality better than the other algorithms.

Key Words
compressive sensing; data loss; discrete cosine transform (DCT); fixed point continuation with active set; random interleaving

Address
Venkata Sainath Gupta Thadikemalla, Shri Ramtej Kondamuri and Khalim Amjad Meerja: Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Velagapudi Ramakrishna Siddhartha Engineering College Deemed to be University, Kanuru, Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh, 520007, India
Venkateswarlu Alapati: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Velagapudi Ramakrishna Siddhartha Engineering College Deemed to be University, Kanuru, Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh, 520007, India
Abhay S. Gandhi: Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology, Nagpur, Maharashtra, 440010, India

Abstract
With the continuous update to international seismic codes and provisions, there is a growing need to enhance the performance of existing bridges under the action of earthquake loads. This research focuses on analytically evaluating the effectiveness of buckling restrained braces (BRB) in retrofitting existing skew bridges by adding a replaceable structural steel element between the piers of the existing bridge bents. The concerned bridges studied in this research are designed to fulfill the requirement of an older seismic code of practice that has since been replaced by a new version with more stringent seismic requirements. In this paper, a nonlinear 3D finite-element (FE) model is developed to predict the lateral response of skewed reinforced concrete (RC) bridges under seismic loading. The FE model is initially validated by comparing its outcomes to previously published results. Subsequently, the model is employed to conduct a numerical investigation, considering various bridge design parameters such as skew angles and bridge heights. Fragility curves are developed and utilized herein to measure the effectiveness of BRB. It is observed that BRB is an effective retrofit technique, providing significant additional lateral strength to the existing structure. For instance, retrofitting skewed bridges with BRB may reduce seismic forces and lateral drifts by up to 35% and 45%, respectively, compared to the corresponding values of the original structures. Moreover, utilizing such a retrofit method leads to less expected damage in terms of concrete and reinforcement strains, resulting in a lower probability of collapse under seismic threats. The proposed rehabilitation procedure using BRB as a retrofit technique establishes a sufficiently reliable system that ensures satisfactory seismic performance.

Key Words
finite element; fragility curves; seismic effects; seismic performance; skew bridges

Address
Structural Engineering Department, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt

Abstract
Seismic vulnerability and loss estimation is an essential initial step toward taking appropriate actions for disaster mitigation and requires computational tools. Mobile technology has now become an integral part of human life. The present study proposes a user-friendly and multipurpose Android app, SVLA_IND, for Rapid Visual Screening (RVS) and estimating the seismic losses of existing buildings. A step-wise procedure is described, considering India's common building typology. However, it can be modified for other building typologies used worldwide. It was observed that the Android app gives vulnerability and loss estimation during a walk-down survey to a premier educational institute campus in India with different building inventories within a few minutes to a fingertip.

Key Words
building risk; loss estimation; mobile technology; seismic vulnerability

Address
Department of Civil Engineering, NIT Durgapur, Durgapur-713209, India

Abstract
The rapid urbanization and scarcity of land results in the construction of multiple structures which are very close to each other and supported on common soil media. This proximity of structures increases the stress in soil which in turn influences the deformation characteristics of nearby footings of adjacent buildings. Hence, there is a further need to investigate the effect of structure-soil-structure interaction (SSSI) on the settlement of footings. In the present study, the SSSI and soil-structure interaction (SSI) analyses are carried out to investigate the effect of SSSI on the footing settlement of a three-story symmetrical RCC building due to the presence of a similar adjacent building. The vertical and differential settlement of footings is evaluated by using the finite element software ANSYS and compared between SSSI and SSI analyses under gravity and seismic load cases. The results indicate that the SSSI effect causes a significant increase in vertical and differential settlement of the footings located near to the adjacent building under gravity and seismic loading compared to SSI analysis. However, a significant decrease in differential settlement is found between the footings nearest to the adjacent building and next to the nearest footings. This SSSI effect on vertical and differential settlement decreases with an increase in distance between adjacent buildings and almost diminishes when the distance becomes four times the width of footing.

Key Words
adjacent building; ANSYS; FEM; footing settlement; seismic loading; structure-soil-structure interaction

Address
Department of Civil Engineering, Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology, Bhopal, India

Abstract
To evaluate the damage of RC frame structure subjected to mainshock-aftershock sequences with varying aftershock durations. The effect of duration is isolated from the effects of ground motion amplitude and response spectral via "spectrally equivalent", and 40 mainshock-aftershock sequences with varying aftershock durations are employed in incremental dynamic analysis (IDA). Based on logistic regression, the structural fragility curves and 3D surfaces are developed to evaluate the impact of aftershock (AS) duration on structural safety. The results demonstrate that, when taking Sa(T1,0.05) as intensity measure (IM), the structural collapse probability subject to mainshock-long-duration-aftershocks (MA-LAS) with Sa(T1,0.05)=0.2 g is 51.10 % higher than that of mainshock-short-duration-aftershocks (MA-SAS); when taking CAV as IM, it is observed to increase by 106.38 % with CAV=0.4 g-sec; when taking Sa(T1,0.05) and CAV as the IM, it is observed to increase by 426.33 % with Sa(T1,0.05)=0.2 g and CAV=0.4 g-sec. The failure probability of structure subject to MA-LAS is higher than that of subject to MA-SAS, indicating that the structure is more prone to collapse when subjected to long-duration AS.

Key Words
duration; fragility surface; logistic regression; mainshock-aftershocks; RC frame structure

Address
Zhikang Li, Xisheng Deng and Yilin Zhi: School of Civil Engineering and Geomatics, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, No.8, Xindu Street, Chengdu, China
Xinyue Lai: School of Civil Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, No. 111, Second Ring Road, Chengdu, China
Jin Li: Leshan Electric Power Co., Ltd., No. 46, Jiading North Road, Leshan, China

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