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CONTENTS
Volume 28, Number 6, June 2025
 

Abstract
Dredging is an essential part of dam operation; the amount of silt that is removed and dumped downstream of the dam can pollute rural areas for a long time. The value of these vases following the dredging of dams, in this case the Chorfa dam, is of interest to this study. This study is a part of a larger research project that aims to help economically optimize and value formulations that are simple to implement and allow the use of dredged materials in the formulation of ordinary concretes by substituting 10%, 20%, and 30% of cement with dredged sediments after they have been calcined at 750 oC to make them active. To evaluate their properties, tests were conducted on vibrated concrete in both its fresh and hardened states (compressive strengths and durability of concrete exposed to sulfuric acid attack). According to the results, it is possible to create concretes that satisfy economic, ecological, and technological goals by incorporating up to 30% calcined silt. To better understand the deterioration mechanism of each concrete mix, scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used. The study's second component uses the finite element method to construct a numerical model for accuracy and efficacy. Additionally, manufacturing trials are planned using computer simulations that account for labor, materials, testing, and time. The nonlinear stress-strain relationship for time-dependent concrete deformations and tension cracks presents a challenge to concrete modeling.

Key Words
acid attack; calcined silt; compressive strength; FE- ANSYSWorkbench; SEM analyses

Address
Omar Safer, Adem Ait Mohamed Amer, Ouaddah Chaib and Mohamed Salhi: 1) Innovative Materials Laboratory and Renewable Energies, University of Relizane, Algeria, 2) Department of Civil Engineering, University of Relizane, Algeria
Mouloud Dahmane: 1) Laboratory of Structures, Geotechnics and Risks, Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University Hassiba Benbouali of Chlef, Algeria, 2) Department of Planning and Hydraulic Engineering, Higher National School of Hydraulics, Blida 09000, Algeria
Mourad Benadouda: Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Architecture Engineering, Amar Telidji University, Laghouat, Algeria
Nadia Belas: Laboratory Construction, Transport and Protection of the Environment (LCTPE), Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, Abdelhamid Ibn Badis University, BP277, Mostaganem 27000, Algeria

Abstract
In the construction of resilience structures Seismic hazard analysis is one of the important study in predicting an earthquake. The proper earthquake prediction depends on proper catalogue data, which can give the proper seismic parameters. This paper also describes the declustering of earthquake data to perform completeness some of the 708 earthquake events are used to perform declustering and completeness analysis. The earthquake catalogue data of 110 years, from 1900 to 2019 has been collected through recognized data centers. This data has been subdivided into five groups with respect to their earthquake magnitudes of every decade. This paper describes how to analyze the data required to estimate the seismic parameter b- value of the selected region Prayagraj. A statistical completeness analysis has been carried out using two methods Stepp's and CUVI methods. After performing completeness seismic parameter of the region b-value has been estimated. After finishing the completeness by to find the b-value of selected region and obtained 0.76 and 0.78 by using Stepp's and CUVI methods respectively.

Key Words
aftershocks; completeness; declustering; earthquake magnitude

Address
Bhukya Naresh: Department of Civil Engineering, J. B. Institute of Engineering and Technology, Hyderabad, India
Kumar Venkatesh and Laxmi Kant Mishra: Department of Civil Engineering, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj 211004, India

Abstract
Bangkok is considered as a low seismic zone but there is a seismic hazard primarily caused by the presence of thick soft clay deposit in Bangkok which has an ability to amplify the earthquake ground motion by 2-4 times. This effect makes high-rise buildings in Bangkok vulnerable to resonance effects and soil-structure interaction during distant earthquakes. In 2019, a 6.4 Mw earthquake in Laos, located at 700 km from Bangkok, caused noticeable shaking various large and small buildings around Bangkok city. This research evaluates the effect of that earthquake on various buildings located in Bangkok using Modified Mercalli Intensities (MMI) index. Additionally, a case study was conducted in a condominium to evaluate various cracks observed after the earthquake. The vibration characteristics of the building closely matched nearby seismic stations, indicating that long-distance earthquake effects influenced the oscillation between the ground motion and the building response. Since the recorded maximum surface acceleration was low, the earthquake earthquake primarily affected joints between materials with differing structural strength, while the main structure remained intact.

Key Words
Bangkok subsoil; high-rise building; Laos earthquake; MMI; response spectrum; soil amplification

Address
Suttisak Soralump: Head of Geotechnical Engineering Research and Development Center, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
Kobid Panthi: Geotechnical Engineering Research and Development Center, Bangkok, Thailand
Paiboon Nuannin: Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
Teraphan Ornthammarath: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand

Abstract
Rigorous estimation of structural response distribution is essential for effective risk assessment of nuclear power plant (NPP) structures. The conventional approach for response estimation through probabilistic analysis involves conducting more than 30 analyses based on Latin Hypercube sampling (LHS) method to incorporate uncertainties, assuming the response follows a lognormal distribution. However, this approach can encounter limitations, such as non-convergence due to insufficient sample sizes or incompatibility with the lognormal assumption, especially in structures exhibiting nonlinear behavior—issues that can challenge less-experienced researchers. This paper proposes an efficient and stable method for estimating structural response distributions, overcoming these difficulties by adopting an advanced LHS method and a flexible distribution fitting model. The proposed method was applied to obtain estimates of the in-structure response spectrum (ISRS) for an NPP structure with hysteretic nonlinear behavior, demonstrating improved efficiency and a more precise statistical representation of the ISRS compared to conventional methods.

Key Words
distribution fitting; nonlinear behavior; nuclear power plant; probabilistic analysis

Address
Heekun Ju and Hyung-Jo Jung: Department of Civil Engineering, Korean Advanced Institute for Science and Technology, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
Seung-Seop Jin: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea

Abstract
Structural fuses are sacrificial elements where seismic damage is localized while protecting main structural elements. This research focuses on enhancing the seismic performance of Reinforced Concrete (RC) coupled shear wall systems by incorporating steel fuse coupling beams. The study involves a detailed investigation into the behavior of these systems under lateral loads, employing various shapes for the structural fuses. Non-linear finite element analysis, utilizing ABAQUS and Seismostruct software packages, is employed to model the behavior of steel fuses and the overall RC system. The first phase of the study aims to identify optimal dimensions for steel fuses, emphasizing shear behavior. The second phase evaluates the impact of implementing steel beams based on first phase recommendations, compared to conventional RC beams with similar shear capacity. Investigated parameters include web modification of built-up steel sections to enhance shear ductility, determining the most effective locations for steel coupling beams along the height of shear walls, and studying the influence of vertical static loads on shear walls behavior. The results show that RC coupled walls with steel coupling beams outperform conventional systems in terms of ductility, energy dissipation, and damage mitigation while maintaining comparable shear capacity. The research concludes with specific design guidelines and recommendations for steel fuses design and vertical distribution along the aforementioned system for optimal seismic performance.

Key Words
coupled shear walls; ductility; finite element modelling; hysteresis behavior; steel link beams; structural fuses

Address
Department of Structural Engineering, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt

Abstract
Inspecting the accuracy of reinforcing bar placement in reinforced concrete (RC) structures is a critical procedure for ensuring the safety of structures. However, the current inspection methods are time-consuming and labor-intensive. Recent studies have been exploring the use of 3D scanners and depth cameras as inspection tools for reinforcing bars. Although there has been extensive research on bar length and spacing, limited numbers of studies have been carried on diameter detection, and they showed relatively low accuracy, especially for smaller bar diameters (D10 and D13). This study presents a photogrammetry-based automatic reinforcing bar information detection technique. By using readily accessible smartphones, images are acquired to generate 3D point clouds, and then automatic inspection procedures for bar diameter, length, and spacing are conducted. The efficacy of the proposed technique is experimentally investigated through the verification on laboratory-scale specimens (grid-type bar assembly and steel cage). It showed an accuracy of 97% in length and spacing the estimation of steel bars. Furthermore, it can effectively differentiate the diameter of D10 and D13 bars. This technique is expected to be utilized for accurate and rapid reinforcing bar placement inspections on construction sites.

Key Words
3D modeling; image processing; photogrammetry; point cloud data; reinforcing bar inspection

Address
Jaehee Choi: Department of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
Kun-Ho E. Kim: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada N2L 3G1
Young K. Ju and Donghyuk Jung: School of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
Sanghee Kim: Department of Architectural Engineering, Kyonggi University, Suwon 16227, Korea

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