Abstract
In the current study, we investigate the vibration of a nano-scale beam structure composed of bi-directionally functionally graded concrete. We employ a dual approach, combining mathematical structural modeling with deep neural network analysis, to determine the natural frequency of the nanobeam. The concrete is assumed to be graded along the beam's axis and transverse direction, following a power-law model. We utilize Timoshenko beam theory (TBT) and nonlocal stress-strain gradient relations to describe the nanobeam's displacement field. Hamilton's principle is used to account for external forces and boundary conditions. A deep neural network is trained to predict the natural frequency with varying error margins. The governing equations are solved using the differential quadrature numerical method, and the results are validated against existing literature. This work introduces novelties in three key areas: 1) a model for bi-FG concrete nanobeams under in-plane loading, 2).
Address
Yong Huang: State Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon Based Energy Resources; College of Chemistry, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, Xinjiang, PR China/ College of Ecology and Environment, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, Xinjiang, PR China/ College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, Xinjiang, PR China/ Xinjiang production and Construction Corps Construction Engineering (Group) Co., Ltd., Urumqi 830000, Xinjiang, PR China/ Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610000, Sichuan, PR China/ Transpotation Industry Highway Maintenance Collaborative Innovation Platform under Complicated Conditions of Western China, Urumqi 830000, Xinjiang, PR China/ Road Maintenance Professional Committee of Zhongguancun Zhongke Highway Maintenance Technology Innovation Alliance, Urumqi 830000, Xinjiang, PR China
Bo Zhang: School of computer science, Wuhan Donghu College, Wuhan 430212, Hubei, China
Chunwang Sun: College of Ecology and Environment, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, Xinjiang, PR China/ College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, Xinjiang, PR China/ Xinjiang production and Construction Corps Construction Engineering (Group) Co., Ltd., Urumqi 830000, Xinjiang, PR China
Mostafa Habibi: Facultad de Arquitectura y Urbanismo, Universidad UTE, Calle Rumipamba S/N y Bourgeois, 170147, Quito, Ecuador/ Department of Biomaterials, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, 600077, India/ Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Haliç University, Istanbul, Turkey
Nejib Ghazouani: Mining Research Center, Northern Border university, Arar 73222, Arar, Saudi Arabia
Mohamed Hechmi El Ouni: Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, PO Box 394, Abha 61411 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia/ Center for Engineering and Technology Innovations, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
Abstract
The growth of mechanical and related industries is significantly influenced by the lubrication industry. Recent research has focused heavily on lubricants, particularly concerning the utilization and overexploitation of finite resources, as well as compliance with environmental regulations. As a nano lubricant, Molybdenum disulfide greatly enhances the tribological properties of lubricating oils and represents a critical category of lubricating nanoparticles. This study employed various methods to prepare a suspension of engine oil containing 5% by weight of molybdenum disulfide sulfide (MoS2) nanoparticles, which was then assessed visually for stability. After determining the stability of the selected sample, its stability was further evaluated through dynamic light scattering analysis and elemental analysis. The initial dispersion of nanoparticles in ethanol was done using an ultrasound mixer, recognized as the most effective method. Subsequently, additional ultrasonication was carried out after adding the surfactant to the ethanol solvent solution. The coated nanoparticles were separated using high-speed centrifugation, and the oven was utilized for drying. Ultrasonication was performed for 15 minutes after adding 5% by weight of the coated nanoparticles to the oil. The effects of nano-sized particles in the base oil were examined through four-ball and pin-on-disk wear testing methodologies. SEM images showed that increased pressure on the friction surfaces during scratch pin wear caused the grooves to fill with nanoparticles and facilitate surface repairs, thus improving the surface finish and maintaining consistent groove formation.
Address
Qian Tan: Department of Mechanical and Engineering, Hunan Chemical Vocational Technical College, Zhuzhou 412000, Hunan, China
Minge Yang and Yiding Liu: Department of Science and Technology, Hunan Automotive Engineering Vocational College, Zhuzhou 412001, Hunan, China
Mostafa Habibi: Department of Biomaterials, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, 600077, India/ Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Haliç University, 34060, Istanbul, Turkey
Touba Zolfaghari: Department of Chemistry, Basic of Sciences Faculty, Ilam University, 69315-516 Ilam, Iran
Abstract
This study used a modified orthotropic elastic shell model to study the vibration of chiral single-walled carbon nanotubes. Budiansky and Sanders (1963) are the source of the stress and strain equations. Both the impact of height-to-diameter ratios and boundary conditions are included in this model. The governing equations are expressed in eigenform using the complex approach. The fundamental frequencies of SWCNTs are obtained by solving this eigenform using MATLAB software. The impact of density and boundary conditions on frequency behavior is examined. For chiral nanotubes, the frequency pattern with two boundary conditions seems to be parallel. As density increased, the frequencies dropped. Frequencies will be higher with a higher index. Compared to the equivalent C-F situation, the C-C frequencies are higher. There is a significant frequency shift between the C-C and C-F boundary condition curves for shorter tubes and shorter chiral indices. This frequency study is anticipated by the author for high frequencies in intriguing electromagnetic devices.
Key Words
boundary conditions; chiral SWCNTs; computer software; density variation; nano-sized structures; orthotropic model
Address
Mohamed Amine Khadimallah and Elimam Ali: Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering in Al-Kharj, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, 11942, Saudi Arabia
Djamel Ouis: Architectural Engineering and Construction Management Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia/ Interdisciplinary Research Center for Construction and Building Materials, King Fahd University of Petroleum, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
Rahul Saini: Department of Mathematics (Applied Sciences), School of Engineering and Technology, Hemvati Nandan,
Bahuguna Garhwal University (A Central University), Srinagar 246174, Uttarakhand, India
Abstract
In this study, the torsional vibration of a viscoelastic nanotube is analyzed under viscoelastic boundary conditions. To incorporate both size effects and viscoelasticity into the model, the equations of motion are derived using the nonlocal theory of elasticity and the Kelvin-Voigt model, respectively. The problem is solved using Fourier series together with Stokes transforms and an eigenvalue problem is formulated in which the angular frequencies are determined. The results are compared with similar studies in the literature and presented in tables and figures. The findings of this study reveal some important results, such as that damping is more effective in more rigid boundary conditions and the effect of damping decreases as the size parameter increases.
Abstract
This paper presents dynamic analyses for nanoscale shells with various geometries, utilizing linear standard viscoelastic material properties and functionally graded porous materials. The displacements in Cartesian coordinates for FG porous nanoshell are formulated utilizing a stress and strain shape function based on higher order shear deformation theory, which has been previously employed in the literature. The motion's equations are derived through Hamilton principle, incorporating energy expressions of the system. The forces and moments in motion's equations are expressed with nonlocal terms based on Eringen's nonlocal elasticity theory. Navier method, which allows analytical solutions for simply supported conditions, is employed in the analysis. For the dynamic analysis, dynamic distributed load applied to nanoshell is represented as a trigonometric series. To facilitate the solution, displacements are obtained in Laplace domain and subsequently transformed back into time domain. Material properties in the analysis are represented employing linear standard viscoelastic model. In this context, a computational method is developed utilizing Mathematica, and its accuracy is validated by performing a free vibration analysis. The obtained natural frequencies are compared with values from previous studies in the literature to demonstrate the model's reliability. Subsequently, a series of forced vibration analyses are conducted under dynamic distributed loading as part of parametric study on functionally graded porous viscoelastic nanoshell. The influences of different geometries, geometric properties, nanoscale characteristics, material variations, linear standard viscoelastic coefficients, porosity distributions, and porosity on displacements are investigated.
Key Words
Eringen's nonlocal elasticity theory; functionally graded material; linear standard viscoelastic model; nanoshell; porous distribution
Address
Mehmet Bugra Özbey and Faruk Firat Calim: Department of Civil Engineering, Adana Alparslan Turkes Science and Technology University, Adana, Türkiye
Abstract
This work applies a detailed shear deformable based kinematic modeling of a graphene origami reinforced nanocomposite aerobic sport plate subjected to thermal and mechanical loading. The proposed model is application for analysis of the reinforced aerobic sport plate. The analytical bending analysis was performed using the virtual work principle. The behavioral relations were extended using the overall material properties derived from the previously developed relations of the experimental and statistical studies. The nanocomposite aerobic sport was composed of a copper matrix reinforced with graphene origami as a novel reinforcement. The overall material properties were developed with changes of thermal loads, volume fraction and folding parameter of aerobic sport plate. The numerical results were derived using the analytical works in terms of the significant import parameters. An increase in the displacements is observed with an increase in the thermal loads and folding parameter as well as decrease in volume fraction.
Address
Zang Zhaowei: Graduate School of Shandong Sport University, 250102, China
Song Zhiqiang: College of Physical Education, Shandong Sport University, 276826, China
Li Aiyun: College of Sports and Health, Shandong Sport University, 276826, China
Mostafa Habibi: Universidad UTE, Facultad de Arquitectura y Urbanismo, Calle Rumipamba S/N y Bourgeois, Quito 170147, Ecuador/ Department of Biomaterials, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai 600 077, India/ Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Viet Nam
Ibrahim Albaijan: Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering at Al Kharj, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj 16273, Saudi Arabia
Dingfang Zhang: Production Engineering Group, department of Construction, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Zohaib Ashraf, Mamoona Andleeb, Muhammad Sajjad, Muhammad Ibrahim, Sheereen Afaq, Wasif Mahmood Ahmad Malik, Abdul Ghafoor, Muhammad Ismail, Francis Verpoort and Adeel Hussain Chughtai
Abstract
The global energy crisis and environmental pollution requires an urgent shift to renewable energy sources. Electrochemical water splitting is an emerging and promising method to generate hydrogen which is clean and sustainable energy carrier. To facilitate the sluggish Oxygen Evolution Reaction (OER), contemporary society has been actively searching for an electrocatalyst that can be synthesized easily, exhibits remarkable catalytic activity and maintains extraordinary stability over time. In this paper, solvothermal method was used to synthesize a Zr-MOF and DNA encapsulated-MOF in context of making the best use of the synergistic behavior of the material. To further confirm the synthesized samples various characterization techniques like PXRD, SEM, BET and FT-IR were performed. The electrochemical results show that synthesized DNA encapsulated Zr-MOF have small Tafel value of 59 mV/dec, a lower value of onset potential of 1.49 V, a lower over potential value of 294 mV and had high electrochemical surface area of 411.25 cm2. The Chronoamperometry test also shows the high structure stability of material over 50 hours. This work highlights the potential of Zr-MOF based materials as effective and robust catalyst for electrochemical water splitting to replace the electrocatalysts that are based on noble metals for energy conversion and storage.
Key Words
DNA; electrocatalyst; MOF; OER; water splitting
Address
Zohaib Ashraf, Mamoona Andleeb, Muhammad Sajjad, Sheereen Afaq, Abdul Ghafoor, Muhammad Ismail and Adeel Hussain Chughtai: Institute of Chemical Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan (60800), Pakistan
Muhammad Ibrahim: Department of Biochemistry, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan (60800), Pakistan
Wasif Mahmood Ahmad Malik: Institute of Chemical Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan (60800), Pakistan/ Department of Chemistry, Emerson University, Multan (60000), Pakistan
Francis Verpoort: Laboratory of Organometallics, Catalysis and Ordered Materials, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Center for Chemical and Material Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan (430070), China/ Joint Institute of Chemical Research (FFMiEN), Peoples Friendship University of Russia, (RUDN University), Moscow-117198, Russia
Abstract
In this paper, a framework that constructs risk factor differential equations and probability functions for heart attack patients, enabling the perception of a patient's heart attack probability is developed. The model has been generalized for n risk factors, but focused on the major three: cholesterol, triglycerides, and sugar levels. The main cause of blockages and clots in heart compartments are the identified risk factors, which increase the likelihood of blockage occurrence. By utilizing 12-patient clinical data, the differential equations and probability functions that accurately predict heart attack probability is constructed using the identified major risk factors.
Address
Khaled Mohamed Khedher: Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
Ghulam Murtaza and Muzamal Hussain: Department of Mathematics, University of Sahiwal, 57000, Sahiwal, Pakistan
Rana Muhammad Akram Muntazir: Department of Mathematics, Lahore Leads University,54792, Lahore, Pakistan
Mohammed Amien Khadimallah: Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, College of Engineering, Civil Engineering Department, BP 655, Al-Kharj, 11942, Saudi Arabia
