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CONTENTS
Volume 10, Number 4, April 2021
 


Abstract
This paper is concerned with the buckling behavior of 2D and quasi-3D problem of functionally graded nanobeam founded on high order shear deformation beams theory and made by two different types of porous distribution materials in Nano- and micro-scales. The used Quasi-3D formulation takes into account the transverse shear effect and uses only three variables. Both formulations do not include the correction factor that is required in the first shear deformation theory proposed by Timoshenko. Governing equations are derived using the principle of virtual work. Analytical resolutions for buckling of FG nanobeam are introduced under tow different boundary conditions, and the results obtained are compared to those proposed in literatures.

Key Words
buckling; functionally graded material; porous materials; nanobeam

Address
(1) Materials and Hydrology Laboratory, University of Sidi Bel Abbes, Faculty of Technology, Civil Engineering Department, Algeria;
(2) University of Khenchela, Faculty of Science & Technology, Department of Civil Engineering, Algeria.

Abstract
In this review, composite structures are used for many industries for at least four decades. Polymeric composites are one of the important structures in the aerospace and aviation industry because of their high strength and low weight. In this comprehensive review, mechanical behaviors, physical and mechanical properties of polymeric composites, different types of reinforcements, different methods to fabricate polymeric composites, historical structural composite materials for aviation and aerospace industries, and also different methods for the characterization are reported. How to use various methods of composite preparation using different nanofillers as reinforcements and its effect on the physical properties and mechanical behavior of composites are discussed as well.

Key Words
aerospace industry; reinforcement; composites structures; mechanical behavior; physical properties

Address
(1) Ali Ghorbanpour Arani, Ashkan Farazin, Mehdi Mohammadimehr: Department of Solid Mechanics, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Kashan, P.O. Box 87317-53153, Kashan, Iran;
(2) Ali Ghorbanpour Arani:
Institute of Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, University of Kashan, Kashan 87317-53153, Iran.

Abstract
In the framework of the density functional theory combined with the method of non-equilibrium Green functions (DFT + NEGF), the electric transport properties of a one-dimensional nanodevice consisting of telescoping polyprismanes with various types of electrical conductivity were studied. Its transmission spectra, density of state, current-voltage characteristic, and differential conductivity are determined. It was shown that C[14,17], C[14,11], C[14,16], C[14,10] show a metallic nature, and polyprismanes C[14,5], C[14,4] possess semiconductor properties and has a band gap of 0.4 eV and 0.6 eV, respectively. It was found that, when metal C[14,11], C[14,10] and semiconductor C[14,5], C[14,4] polyprismanes are coaxially connected, a Schottky barrier is formed and a weak diode effect is observed, i.e., manifested valve (rectifying) property of telescoping polyprismanes. The enhancement of this effect occurs in the nanodevices C[14,17] – C[14,11] – C[14,5] and C[14,16] – C[14,10] – C[14,4], which have the properties of nanodiode and back nanodiode, respectively. The simulation results can be useful in creating promising active onedimensional elements of nanoelectronics.

Key Words
polyprisman; Schottky nanodiode; electron transport; current-voltage characteristic; differential conductivity

Address
(1) Department of Physics, K. Zhubanov Aktobe Regional State University, 34A Moldagulova avenue, 030000 Aktobe, Kazakhstan;
(2) Department of Radio Electronics, T. Begeldinov Aktobe Avation Institute, 39 Moldagulova avenue, 030012 Aktobe, Kazakhstan.

Abstract
In present study, the numerical investigations are carried out for effects of suction and blowing on boundary layer slip flow of casson nano fluid along permeable stretching cylinder in an exponential manner. The modeled PDEs are changed into nonlinear ODEs through appropriate nonlinear transformations. Change in physical quantities like friction coefficient, Nusselt and Sherwood numbers with variation of the aforementioned parameters are also examined and their numerical values are listed in the form of tables. Effects of Reynold number, suction parameter, Prandtl number, Lewis number, Brownian motion parameter and thermophoresis parameter are seen graphically with temperature profile.

Key Words
sherwood numbers; thermophoresis parameter; nonlinear ODEs; slip flow

Address
(1) Waheed Iqbal, Muzamal Hussain, Muhammad N. Naeem:
Department of Mathematics, Govt. College University Faisalabad, 38000, Faisalabad, Pakistan;
(2) Mudassar Jalil:
Department of Mathematics, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Park Road, Chak Shahzad, 44000 Islamabad, Pakistan;
(3) Mohamed A. Khadimallah:
Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, College of Engineering, Civil Engineering Department, BP 655, Al-Kharj, 16273, Saudi Arabia;
(4) Mohamed A. Khadimallah:
Laboratory of Systems and Applied Mechanics, Polytechnic School of Tunisia, University of Carthage, Tunis, Tunisia;
(5) Abdullah F. Al Naim:
Department of Physics, College of Science, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 400, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia;
(6) Abdelouahed Tounsi:
YFL (Yonsei Frontier Lab), Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea;
(7) Abdelouahed Tounsi:
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, 31261 Dhahran, Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia.

Abstract
A tumor immune interaction is a main topic of interest in the last couple of decades because majority of human population suffered by tumor, formed by the abnormal growth of cells and is continuously interacted with the immune system. Because of its wide range of applications, many researchers have modeled this tumor immune interaction in the form of ordinary, delay and fractional order differential equations as the majority of biological models have a long range temporal memory. So in the present work, tumor immune interaction in fractional form provides an excellent tool for the description of memory and hereditary properties of inter and intra cells. So the interaction between effector-cells, tumor cells and interleukin-2 (IL-2) are modeled by using the definition of Caputo fractional order derivative that provides the system with long-time memory and gives extra degree of freedom. Moreover, in order to achieve more efficient computational results of fractional-order system, a discretization process is performed to obtain its discrete counterpart. Furthermore, existence and local stability of fixed points are investigated for discrete model. Moreover, it is proved that two types of bifurcations such as Neimark-Sacker and flip bifurcations are studied. Finally, numerical examples are presented to support our analytical results.

Key Words
tumor immune interaction; stability; Neimark-Sacker bifurcation; period-doubling bifurcation

Address
(1) Muhammad Taj, Waqas Ishaque:
Department of Mathematics, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Muzaffarabad, 1300, Azad Kashmir, Pakistan;
(2) Mohamed A. Khadimallah, Yahya Rashid:
Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, College of Engineering, Civil Engineering Department, BP 655, Al-Kharj, 16273, Saudi Arabia;
(3) Mohamed A. Khadimallah:
Laboratory of Systems and Applied Mechanics, Polytechnic School of Tunisia, University of Carthage, Tunis, Tunisia;
(4) Muzamal Hussain:
Department of Mathematics, Govt. College University Faisalabad, 38000, Faisalabad, Pakistan;
(5) Waqas Ishaque, Qamar Din:
Department of Mathematics University of Poonch Rawalakot 12350, Azad Kashmir, Pakistan;
(6) S.R. Mahmoud:
GRC Department, Faculty of Applied studies, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia;
(7) Afaf S. Alwabli:
Department of Biological Sciences, Rabigh-Faculty of Science & Arts, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia;
(8) Abdelouahed Tounsi:
YFL (Yonsei Frontier Lab), Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea;
(9) Abdelouahed Tounsi:
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, 31261 Dhahran, Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia.

Abstract
In this work, silver nitrate complexes of sulfanilamide-5-methyl-2-thiophene carboxaldehyde (SMTCA) ligand intercalated Zn/Al-layered double hydroxide [Ag-SMTCA-LDH] were synthesized for the potential application as an antimicrobial system. The SMTCA ligand was synthesized by reacting sulfanilamide and 5-methyl-2-thiophene carboxaldehyde in methanol and further complexation with silver nitrate metal ions [Ag-SMTCA]. The structural analyses of synthesized compounds confirmed an intercalation of Ag-SMTCA into Zn/Al-NO3-LDH by flake/restacking method. SMTCA, Ag-SMTCA and Ag-SMTCA-LDH were characterized by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectrophotometer, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). It was found that Ag-SMTCA-LDH exhibited good antimicrobial activity against both gram-positive (Bacillus subtilis, [B. subtilis], Staphylococcus aures, [S. aureus]) and gram-negative (Escherichia coli, [E. coli], Pseudomonas aeruginosa [P. aeroginosa]) bacteria as well as excellent antioxidant activity.

Key Words
Schiff-base complex; layered double hydroxide; silver; antimicrobial activity; antioxidant activity

Address
Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Pusan National University, Geumjeong-gu, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea.

Abstract
This research concentrates on the effects of distributions and volume fractions of carbon nanotubes (CNT) on the nonlinear bending behavior of deep cylindrical panels reinforced by functionally graded carbon nanotubes under thermomechanical loading, hitherto not reported in the literature. Assuming the effects of shear deformation and moderately high value of the radius-to-side ratio (R/a), based on the first-order shear deformation theory (FSDT) and von Karman type of geometric nonlinearity, the governing system of equations is obtained. The analytical solution of field equations is carried out using the Ritz method together with the Newton-Raphson iterative scheme. The effects of radius-to-side ratio, temperature change, and boundary conditions on the nonlinear response of the functionally graded carbon nanotubes reinforced composite deep cylindrical panel (FG-CNTRC) are investigated. It is concluded that, among the five possible distribution patterns of CNT, FG-V CNTRC deep cylindrical panel is strongest with the highest bending moment and followed by UD, X, O, and Λ-ones. Also, considering the present deep cylindrical panel formulation increases the accuracy of the results. Hence, according to the noticeable amount of R/a in FG-CNTRC cylindrical panels, it is mandatory to apply strain-displacement relations of deep cylindrical panels for bending analysis of FG-CNTRC which certainly is desirable for industrial application.

Key Words
deep cylindrical panel; mechanical and thermal loading; functionally graded carbon nanotube composites

Address
(1) Sattar Jedari Salami:
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran;
(2) Mostafa Sabzikar Boroujerdy:
Department of Engineering, Firoozkooh Branch, Islamic Azad University, Firoozkooh, Iran;
(3) Ehsan Bazzaz:
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.

Abstract
The steady growth in population has led to an enhanced water demand and immense pressure on water resources. Pharmaceutical residues (PRs) are unused or non-assimilated medicines found in water supplies that originate from the human and animal consumption of antibiotics, antipyretics, analgesics etc. These have been detected recently in sewage effluents, surface water, ground water and even in drinking water. Due to their toxicity and potential hazard to the environment, humans and aquatic life, PRs are now categorized as the emerging contaminants (ECs). India figures in the top five manufacturers of medicines in the world and every third pill consumed in the world is produced in India. Present day conventional wastewater treatment methods are ineffective and don't eliminate them completely. The use of nanotechnology via advanced oxidation processes (AOP) is one of the most effective methods for the removal of these PRs. Present study is aimed at reviewing the presence of various PRs in water supplies and also to describe the process of AOP to overcome their threat. This study is also very important in view of World Health Organization report confirming more than 30 million cases of COVID-19 worldwide. This will lead to an alleviated use of antibiotics, antipyretics etc. and their subsequent occurrence in water bodies. Need of the hour is to devise a proper treatment strategy and a decision thereof by the policymakers to overcome the possible threat to the environment and health of humans and aquatic life.

Key Words
emerging contaminants; pharmaceutical residues; wastewater treatment; nanocatalysts; conventional methods; advanced oxidation process; photocatalyst

Address
Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Srinagar J&K -190006, India.


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